Prevention of Depression in School Children

描述(由调查人员提供)：我们的主要目标是开发 以学校为基础的计划，在早期有效地预防抑郁症状 青春期。在过去的十年里，我们已经展示了有效的校本管理 复原力计划(宾夕法尼亚复原力计划，或PRP)，教授认知 以及中学生解决问题的能力。在最初的研究中， 在高危儿童中，PRP参与者报告的抑郁情绪明显减少 经过两年的随访，症状明显优于对照组(Giliham， Reivich，Jaycox，&Sig man，1995)。在两年的跟踪调查中，PRP减半 中度到重度症状的比率。在过去的五年里，我们一直 以学校教师为对象进行PRP的随机对照研究 三所学校的干预领导(MH52270：P1塞利格曼)。显著提高了PRP 通过对两名患者进行24个月的随访，预防了抑郁症状 三所学校。在这段随访期内，19%的控制组 10.5%的PRP参与者的得分在临床范围内 有组织的临床访谈。 我们在拟议研究中的目标是增加覆检计划的影响，作为有针对性的 通过添加父组件和定期增强器会话进行干预。我们 将选择有高度抑郁症状的儿童进行研究。 这些孩子及其父母将被分配到三种干预措施中的一种 条件。第一种情况的儿童将参加PRP。儿童 在第二种情况下，他们将参加PRP，其父母将 参加为期6期的家长计划(宾夕法尼亚大学恢复能力计划 父母--或PRPP)。第三个条件将是不干预控制。 在这两种积极干预条件下的儿童将参加6次 在最初的两年半的随访中进行强化训练。分配给的父项 在此期间，母公司计划将参加4次助推会。AS 在我们目前的研究中，学校教师、辅导员、社会工作者和护士 将接受实施PRP的培训。辅导员和学校社交 将对工人进行培训，以执行PRP和PRPP。我们会跟着孩子们 三年来，根据报告，针对抑郁症状和其他结果 由孩子、老师和家长提供。 我们的主要假设是：i)PRP可以预防抑郁症状和 目标样本中抑郁的临床水平和2)父母 组件将增强这些预防效果。我们还将探索几个 次级假设：其中，对焦虑症状的影响，学术 成就和心理健康。此外，我们还将评估 预防效果的潜在调解人，包括改善 孩子的认知和应对技能，以及父母对 认知和症状。如果我们的干预成功，这将表明 该方案可广泛应用于预防抑郁症的早期 青春期处于危险之中的年轻人。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): Our primary aim is the development of school-based programs that robustly prevent depressive symptoms during early adolescence. Over the last decade, we have shown efficacious a school-based resiliency program (the Penn Resiliency Program, or PRP) that teaches cognitive arid problem-solving skills to middle-school children. In an initial study with at risk children, PRP participants reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms than matched controls through two years of follow-up (Giliham, Reivich, Jaycox, & Seligman, 1995). The PRP at the two-year follow-up halved rates of moderate to severe symptoms. Over the past five years, we have been conducting a randomized controlled study of PRP using schoolteachers as intervention leaders in three schools (MH52270: P1 Seligman). PRP significantly prevented depressive symptoms through the 24 month follow-up in two of the three schools. During this follow-up period, 19 percent of controls as compared with 10.5 percent of PRP participants scored in the clinical range on structured clinical interviews. Our goal in the proposed study is to increase the impact of PRP as a targeted intervention by adding a parent component and periodic booster sessions. We will select into the study children with high levels of depressive symptoms. These children and their parents will be assigned to one of three intervention conditions. Children in the first condition will participate in PRP. Children in the second condition will participate in PRP and their parents will participate in a 6-session parent program (the Penn Resiliency Program for Parents - or PRPP). The third condition will be a no intervention control. Children in both the active intervention conditions will participate in 6 booster sessions over the first 2 1/2 years of follow-up. Parents assigned to the parent program will participate in 4 booster sessions during this time. As in our current study, school teachers, counselors, social workers and nurses will be trained to implement the PRP. Guidance counselors and school social workers will be trained to implement the PRP+PRPP. We will follow the children for three years, targeting depressive symptoms and other outcomes as reported by children, teachers, and parents. Our primary hypotheses are that I) PRP will prevent depressive symptoms and clinical levels of depression in this targeted sample and 2) the parent component will enhance these prevention effects. We will also explore several secondary hypotheses: among them, the effects on anxiety symptoms, academic achievement, and psychological well-being. In addition, we will evaluate potential mediators of the prevention effect, including improvements in children's cognitions and coping skills, and improvements in parents' cognitions and symptoms. Should our interventions succeed, this would suggest that this program can be used on a wide scale to prevent depression in early adolescence in young people at risk.