Shellfish responses to global environmental change - implications for aquaculture and marine conservation

贝类对全球环境变化的反应——对水产养殖和海洋保护的影响

• 批准号: 2249501
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Essex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2249501
• 关键词: Shellfish; responses; global; environmental; change

Scientific backgroundCoastal habitats provide important socioeconomic resources, yet they are experiencing unprecedented pressures. Overharvesting, pollution and introduction of invasive species resulted in a major decline of the native oyster that required a shift to the introduced Pacific oyster in commercial aquaculture. Current conservation programmes including ENORI, aim to restore self-sustaining populations of native oysters to increase ecosystem services, sustainable fisheries and biodiversity.In-situ mariculture of either of the two oyster species, and restoration of the native oyster, critically depends on successful spawning, settlement and/or collection of juvenile oysters. Thresholds of water temperature drive the variation in the timing of these events but this is unpredictable due to increasing temperature variation.This project will address the sustainable expansion of oyster production and native oyster restoration through the application of remote sensing for shellfish spawning, behaviour and survival. You will direct the project's research emphasis and develop scientific hypotheses to assess the ecophysiological diversity of oysters. You will start investigating native and introduced oysters and quantify:1. The inter-population variation in metabolic and behavioural responses to temperature.2. The release of reproductive cells in the field and during laboratory incubations.3. The inter-individual variation in oyster larvae and their settlement success under different temperatures and habitat types.Research methodologySupported by a research assistant funded via the £4.4 million UK Aquaculture Initiative, you will conduct laboratory incubations and collect scientific data in the Colne/Blackwater estuaries. Optode respirometry quantifies the metabolic activity and novel valvometry sensors measure growth, gaping, spawning and survival. Settlement assays and imaging tools can quantify larval behaviour and growth.TrainingYou will join the EEM Group to work with marine biologists, electronic engineers and aquaculturists, and receive specific training on field/laboratory experimentation, oyster biology and conservation, electronic sensor networks, and the management of oyster fisheries. This will expose you to diverse disciplines and sectors, gaining professional skills in fieldwork, sensor technology and aquaculture. The ARIES DTP will provide generic training.

沿海栖息地提供了重要的社会经济资源，但他们正在经历前所未有的压力。过度捕捞、污染和引进入侵物种导致本地牡蛎数量大幅下降，需要在商业水产养殖中转向引进太平洋牡蛎。目前的保护计划，包括ENORI，旨在恢复本地牡蛎的自我维持种群，以增加生态系统服务，可持续渔业和生物多样性。两种牡蛎中任何一种的原地海水养殖和本地牡蛎的恢复，主要取决于成功产卵，定居和/或幼牡蛎的收集。水温的变化导致这些事件发生的时间发生变化，但由于温度变化越来越大，这是不可预测的。本项目将通过对贝类产卵、行为和生存的遥感应用，解决牡蛎生产的可持续扩大和本地牡蛎的恢复问题。您将指导该项目的研究重点，并制定科学假设，以评估牡蛎的生理生态多样性。您将开始调查本地和引进牡蛎和量化：1.不同种群对温度的代谢和行为反应的差异.生殖细胞在田间和实验室孵育期间的释放。3.牡蛎幼虫的个体间差异以及它们在不同温度和栖息地类型下的定居成功。研究方法由440万英镑的英国Aquarium Initiative资助的研究助理支持，您将在Colne/Blackwater河口进行实验室孵化并收集科学数据。光电呼吸测量法量化代谢活动，新型瓣膜测量传感器测量生长、张开、产卵和存活。沉降分析和成像工具可以量化幼虫的行为和生长。培训您将加入EEM集团，与海洋生物学家，电子工程师和水产养殖师一起工作，并接受现场/实验室实验，牡蛎生物学和保护，电子传感器网络和牡蛎渔业管理的特定培训。这将使您接触到不同的学科和部门，获得实地考察，传感器技术和水产养殖的专业技能。ARIES DTP将提供通用培训。