A Hand up not a Hand Out': The Labour Governments and Street Homelessness, 1997-2010

2008年，鲍里斯·约翰逊在他的市长演讲中承诺结束伦敦露宿的现象，但自2010年以来，露宿的人数增加了169%。相比之下，2002年，工党政府能够宣布，它已将全国街头无家可归者减少了三分之二，而且在其任期的剩余时间里，这一数字继续下降。这个项目考察了新工党采取的措施，使这种大幅减少成为可能，并将探索这种减少没有持续的原因。将探索工党在重新安置无家可归者的长期支持、“积极接触”和协调街头文化执法等领域采取的相互关联的策略的有效性，以便将露宿政策纳入工党更广泛的社会排斥议程。它将评估工党通过将无家可归者安置在招待所只提供短期解决方案的批评，并建立在St Mungos(2018)同行领导的研究基础上，该研究强调了支持服务方面的失败。社会孤立和不适当的住宿是恢复露宿的原因。鉴于街头无家可归者的减少未能持续下去，它将评估对强制性战略(Randall and Brown 2002；Fitzpatrick(2001&2005))和对志愿部门机构的集中目标设定和监督(Piells 2010,2006年5月)的成功的不同观点。将审查更广泛的政治和经济背景的影响，探索布莱尔和布朗领导下的第三方政策与政治气候和住房和劳动力市场变化之间的相互作用。该项目的核心是决心通过使用口述历史档案和采访，将无家可归者的声音恢复到叙事中。在进入学术界之前，我花了十年的时间与无家可归者打交道，为露宿者开展项目，随后为伦敦一家地方当局管理住房咨询服务。利用丰富的个人联系，将与国家和地方政府以及志愿部门的主要从业人员进行面谈。这个项目是我硕士论文的后续内容，内容是《棚户区咨询服务对20世纪80年代伦敦单身无家可归者的认知和供给的影响》。

In 2008 Boris Johnson pledged in his Mayoral address to bring an end to rough sleeping in London, but since 2010 the numbers of rough sleepers has increased by 169%. In contrast, in 2002 the Labour administration was able to declare that it had reduced street homelessness nationally by two-thirds, and the numbers continued to decline during the remainder of their term in office. This project examines the measures undertaken by New Labour that enabled this dramatic reduction and will explore the reasons why it was not sustained.It will explore the efficacy of the inter-linked strategies employed by Labour, in areas such as the long term support of resettled homeless people, 'assertive outreach' and co-ordination with law enforcement over street culture in order to locate rough sleeping policy within Labour's wider social exclusion agenda.It will evaluate the critique that Labour's programme provided only short-term solutions by warehousing homeless people in hostels, and build on the peer-led research by St Mungos (2018) that highlighted failures in support services, social isolation and inappropriate accommodation as causes of a return to rough sleeping. In light of the failure to sustain the reduction in street homelessness, it will assess the contrasting views on the success of coercive strategies (Randall and Brown 2002; Fitzpatrick (2001 & 2005) and centralised target-setting and supervision of voluntary sector agencies (Pierce 2010, May 2006).The impact of the wider political and economic context will be examined, exploring the interactions between in third way policies under Blair and Brown and changes in both the political climate and the housing and labour markets.Central to the project is a determination to restore the voices of homeless people themselves to the narrative through use of oral history archives and interviews. Prior to entering academia I spent ten years working with homeless people, running projects for rough sleepers and subsequently managing a housing advice service for a London local authority. Utilising a wealth of personal contacts, interviews with key practitioners in national and local government and thevoluntary sector will be undertaken. This project follows on from my Master's dissertation on the impact of the Squatters Advisory Service on both perception of and provision for single homelessness people inLondon in the 1980s.