Neural mechanisms of maturing out of problem alcohol use

摘要 有一个正常的问题酒精使用减少，这自然发生在狂欢后的25岁左右 大量饮酒达到顶峰，这一过程被称为“成熟”。虽然大多数年轻人成熟后不会有问题地使用，但 一部分人持续饮酒或饮酒升级；这些人面临着终身与饮酒作斗争的风险 精神错乱。戒酒成瘾的人和不酗酒的人的区别是不完全的 明白了。大脑的发育变化被认为在酒精中起着核心作用 定义成熟期的消费转移，因为神经成熟直到中期才完全完成。 20多岁。此外，青壮年是神经发育的关键时期，皮质下情绪和 与奖励相关的和大脑皮层认知控制区成熟，伴随着执行力的提高 冲动和寻求感觉方面的控制和衰退。尽管假定的效果是神经成熟 没有减少危险行为(如酗酒)，还没有研究直接测试两者之间的联系 青年时期酒精使用的神经生物学过程和轨迹。 在这项研究中，我们将招募400名年龄在21岁到25岁之间(50%为女性)的人，他们至少报告 在过去的3个月里，每个月都有一次狂欢饮酒经历高分辨率结构磁化 磁共振和功能成像扫描(认知控制、情绪调节、酒精提示反应性和 静息状态)在基线。还将收集详细的神经心理和心理社会测量数据。 后续评估包括1)自我报告酒精使用情况，扫描后每3个月在线测量一次，以 检查使用轨迹，以及2)在线收集的神经心理和心理社会测量 每一年的扫描后。参与者将在1-3年级招募。将收集后续评估 直到研究结束，最大限度地扩大数据收集期，并允许较大的后续年龄范围 (25-29岁)。我们将对酒精使用轨迹进行建模，使用基线成像数据作为标记，以 区分或预测坚持或停止使用的参与者。此设计将允许我们1)确定 认知控制、情绪调节和奖励/提示的神经和行为机制的程度 反应性预测饮酒轨迹，以及2)检查问题饮酒对这些过程的影响。AS 在认知控制、情绪和奖赏发展方面的性别差异可能会导致饮酒的可变性， 3)我们还将表征预测酒精使用轨迹的性别差异。作为探索性分析， 我们将使用多模式(结构、休息状态、任务)来研究成熟的神经生物学预测因素 MRI数据分析。

ABSTRACT There is a normative decrease in problem alcohol use that naturally occurs in the mid-20s after binge and heavy drinking peak, a process called “maturing out”. While most young adults mature out of problem use, a subset persist or escalate in their drinking; these individuals are at risk for lifetime struggles with alcohol use disorders. What differentiates those who mature out of problem drinking versus those who do not is not fully understood. Developmental changes in the brain are hypothesized to play a central role in the alcohol consumption shifts that define the maturing out period, as neural maturation is not fully complete until the mid- 20s. Furthermore, young adulthood is a critical neurodevelopmental period when subcortical emotion and reward-related and cortical cognitive control regions mature, concomitant with improvements in executive control and declines in impulsivity and sensation-seeking. Despite the presumed effect that neural maturation has on decreases in risky behavior (like heavy alcohol use), no study has directly tested associations between neurobiological processes and trajectories of alcohol use in young adulthood. For this study, we will recruit 400 individuals between the ages of 21 and 25 (50% female) who report at least one binge drinking episode a month for the past 3 months to undergo high-resolution structural magnetic resonance and functional imaging scans (cognitive control, emotion regulation, alcohol cue reactivity, and resting state) at baseline. Detailed neuropsychological and psychosocial measurements will also be collected. Follow-up assessments will consist of 1) self-report alcohol use, measured online every 3 months post-scan to examine trajectories of use, and 2) neuropsychological and psychosocial measurements, collected online every year post-scan. Participants will be recruited during Years 1–3. Follow-up assessments will be collected until the end of the study, maximizing the data collection period and allowing for a large follow-up age range (25–29 years). We will model alcohol use trajectories across time, using baseline imaging data as a marker to differentiate or predict participants who persist or desist in use. This design will allow us to 1) determine the extent to which neural and behavioral mechanisms of cognitive control, emotion regulation, and reward/cue reactivity predict drinking trajectories, and 2) examine the effect of problem drinking on these processes. As sex differences in cognitive control, emotion, and reward development likely introduce variability in alcohol use, 3) we will also characterize sex differences predictive of alcohol use trajectories. As an exploratory analysis, we will investigate neurobiological predictors of maturing out using multimodal (structure, resting state, task) MRI data analysis.