The violent truth: A comparative, long-term study of collective violence from armed conflicts in Europe.

暴力真相：对欧洲武装冲突中集体暴力的长期比较研究。

• 批准号: 2259383
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2259383
• 关键词: violent; truth; comparative; long; term

Project Summary (Please do not exceed 4000 characters, including spaces):This PhD will investigate the impact of collective violence in society by analysing the skeletal remains from significant armed conflicts that occurred in Europe from the 19th century onwards and establish a theoretical and methodological framework for contemporary forensic investigations. This will be achieved by performing analysis of skeletal trauma from the weapons used in each conflict, identifying other violent practices (e.g. torturing) on the remains and finally associating these with the socio-political context and historical sources pertaining to each conflict. The above will be explained using sociological theories of violence (Demmers, 2012). Forensic anthropologists and bioarchaeologists are frequently employed in humanitarian analysis of skeletal remains from armed conflicts. The trauma analysis from weapons requires a different framework than that used in the study of the distant past due to changes in technology (machinery, weaponry) and social structures. The development of a focused and methodological theoretical framework, drawing upon recent violent conflict, with a strong reference to social sciences and international humanitarian law will prevent future interdisciplinary projects from simply producing unfocussed skeletal reports (Martin and Harrod, 2015).This will assist in the recovery and identification of victims, will support forensic practice and help unearth criminal activities and the violations of human rights (Cordner and Tidball-Binz, 2017). The PhD study will focus on armed conflicts of Spain and Greece. The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the Turkish Arkadi Massacre in Crete (1866) are historical events that significantly impacted upon the history and the development of both countries. The visual methods employed for the skeletal trauma analysis will be ComputedTomography (CT), photogrammetry and Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI).Research questions are: 1) What lessons can an integrated bioarchaeological and anthropological approach of late 19th and 20th-century armed conflicts offer to contemporary forensic investigations?2) Can the anthropological and archaeological analysis of human skeletal remains provide information regarding the social and political context of armed conflict? This study aims to address the above questions by:1) Drawing together sociological theories of violence, 2) Establishing a framework of best practice for the bioarchaeological study of violence in armed conflicts, 3) Applying anthropological methods in the case-studies and then integrating these findings with historical and photographic record for those individuals and the wider socio-political context, 4) Reflecting on the implications of contemporary investigations of violence arising from armed conflicts.This study will enhance the current research on the Spanish Civil War, highlight the historical value of the Arkadi Ossuary and contribute to human right causes of contemporary conflicts by offering a new methodological approach.

项目摘要（请不要超过4000字符，包括空格）：这个博士将调查社会集体暴力的影响，通过分析从19世纪世纪起在欧洲发生的重大武装冲突的骨骼遗骸，并建立一个理论和方法框架当代法医调查。这将通过对每次冲突中使用的武器造成的骨骼创伤进行分析，确定对遗骸的其他暴力行为（如酷刑），并最终将这些行为与每次冲突的社会政治背景和历史根源联系起来。以上内容将使用暴力社会学理论来解释（Demmers，2012）。法医人类学家和生物考古学家经常受雇于对武装冲突遗留下来的遗骸进行人道主义分析。由于技术（机械、武器）和社会结构的变化，武器造成的创伤分析需要一个与研究遥远过去不同的框架。根据最近的暴力冲突，并在社会科学和国际人道主义法方面有很强的参考性，制定一个重点突出的方法论理论框架，将防止未来的跨学科项目仅仅产生没有重点的框架报告（Martin和Harrod，2015年）。这将有助于受害者的康复和身份识别，将支持法医实践，并帮助揭露犯罪活动和侵犯人权的行为（Corpus和Tidball-Binz，2017）。博士研究将侧重于西班牙和希腊的武装冲突。西班牙内战（1936-1939年）和土耳其克里特岛阿尔卡季大屠杀（1866年）是对两国历史和发展产生重大影响的历史事件。视觉方法采用的骨骼创伤分析将是计算机断层扫描（CT），摄影测量和反射变换成像（RTI）的研究问题是：1）什么教训可以综合生物考古学和人类学的方法晚19世纪和20世纪的武装冲突提供当代法医调查？2)对人类遗骸的人类学和考古学分析能否提供关于武装冲突的社会和政治背景的信息？本研究旨在通过以下方式解决上述问题：1）汇集暴力的社会学理论，2）建立武装冲突中暴力的生物考古学研究的最佳实践框架，3）在案例研究中应用人类学方法，然后将这些研究结果与这些个人和更广泛的社会政治背景的历史和照片记录相结合，4）反思当代武装冲突中暴力调查的影响。这项研究将加强目前对西班牙内战的研究，通过提供一种新的方法论途径，突出阿尔卡迪藏骨所的历史价值，并为当代冲突的人权根源作出贡献。