The application of behavioural insights (BI) for advancing resource and sustainability policy in developing countries

应用行为洞察 (BI) 推进发展中国家的资源和可持续发展政策

• 批准号: 2260474
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2260474
• 关键词: application; behavioural; insights; BI; advancing

I would like to pursue a DPhil in International Development, focusing on the application of behavioural insights (BI) for advancing resource and sustainability policy in developing countries. A prevailing characterisation of humans within policy circles is a rational economic one. However, behavioural economics, game theory and neuroscience have shown that people universally make suboptimal decisions. Research shows humans are subject to numerous cognitive biases and the exploitation of such bias to influence behaviour is the basis of 'nudge theory'. I would like to support an agenda seeking to mainstream the use of BI, specifically focusing onopportunities within sub-Saharan Africa. This will involve exploring in-depth the contextual reality of citizens lives to understand the factors influencing their decisions. It may then be possible to derive recommendations for charities and policymakers about shaping the choice architecture, to encourage uptake of initiatives. This feeds into the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development by helping understand and change the habits and behaviours that are preventing societies from achieving sustainable development.Following Thaler and Sunstein's publication of 'Nudge' there has been an increase in the number of policy-makers attempting to leverage BI. Nudge utilises BI to change the choice architecture and encourage individuals to make 'good decisions'. I would focus on case studies of so-called 'last mile' problems that are concerned with effective policy design and implementation. For example, in the Kenyan settlement of Kibera, policymakers struggled to understand why residents where not using water purification tablets. Researchers showed the effort of visiting the access point was too great and simply moving it to the water source increased uptake from 10 to 60%. The root of policy failure need not be a lack of intention, but rather a failure to account for behaviour at the finish line; when good intention translates into action. This intention-action gap is particularly prevalent in environmentally-friendly behaviours and so represents an important opportunity.This research is highly relevant for sustainable development policy, as choices with major environmental implications are often the outcome of a complex set of motivations. Subtle influences from BI are uniquely scalable as they can generate dramatic outcomes with low costs. However, developed countries still predominate in the use of BI to achieve policy goals. Considering the developing world looks set to contribute 3 billion middle class urbanites to the global economy by 2040, applying BI in developing countries is critical for achieving sustainability goals.

我想攻读国际发展博士学位，专注于应用行为洞察力（BI）来推进发展中国家的资源和可持续发展政策。在政策圈内，人们普遍认为，经济理性是一个普遍的特征。然而，行为经济学、博弈论和神经科学表明，人们普遍会做出次优决策。研究表明，人类受到许多认知偏见的影响，利用这种偏见来影响行为是“推动理论”的基础。我想支持一项寻求将BI的使用纳入主流的议程，特别是关注撒哈拉以南非洲地区的机会。这将涉及深入探索公民生活的背景现实，以了解影响其决定的因素。然后，就有可能为慈善机构和政策制定者提出关于塑造选择架构的建议，以鼓励采取主动行动。这有助于理解和改变阻碍社会实现可持续发展的习惯和行为，从而为2030年可持续发展议程提供了支持。Thaler和Sunstein出版了《推动》一书后，越来越多的政策制定者试图利用BI。Nudge利用BI来改变选择架构，并鼓励个人做出“好的决定”。我将侧重于与有效的政策设计和执行有关的所谓“最后一英里”问题的案例研究。例如，在肯尼亚的基贝拉定居点，政策制定者努力理解为什么居民不使用净水片。研究人员发现，访问接入点的努力太大了，简单地将其移动到水源，吸收率从10%增加到60%。政策失败的根源不一定是缺乏意图，而是在良好的意图转化为行动时，未能对终点线上的行为作出解释。这种意向-行动差距在环境友好行为中特别普遍，因此是一个重要的机会，这项研究与可持续发展政策高度相关，因为具有重大环境影响的选择往往是一系列复杂动机的结果。BI的微妙影响具有独特的可扩展性，因为它们可以以低成本产生显著的结果。然而，发达国家在利用商业智能实现政策目标方面仍然占主导地位。考虑到发展中国家到2040年将为全球经济贡献30亿中产阶级城市人口，在发展中国家应用BI对于实现可持续发展目标至关重要。