Reducing energy consumption and the unintended consequences of energy efficient intervention in historic buildings

减少能源消耗和历史建筑节能干预的意外后果

• 批准号: 2263440
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2263440
• 关键词: Reducing; energy; consumption; unintended; consequences

Background: Older historic buildings are often perceived as energy-hungry. The opposite is arguably the case. Until the Industrial Revolution, energy was expensive and difficult to exploit. Acceptable indoor air conditions had to be delivered with little or no input from "building services" such as heating. Instead, massive walls and floors provided thermal buffering from exterior conditions; barriers such as timber panelling prevented them drawing out the body heat of occupants. These and many other comfort and energy-saving features - and the knowledge underpinning them - were largely lost as centralised energy supplies encouraged the development of building services such as space heating and cooling. The introduction of thermometers completed a shift away from building users' understanding of complex sources of discomfort towards an emphasis on air temperature. The energy- and carbon-saving measures currently promoted for the built environment centre on air temperature, cutting the loss of conditioned air by reducing ventilation and increasing insulation of the building envelope. These retrofits can have serious negative impacts on traditionally constructed "greatcoat" buildings, which depend on very different materials and systems to control moisture from those used in modern "raincoat" construction. Maladaptation can lead to failure of the building fabric, increased use of energy and carbon, and serious comfort and health issues.Air temperature is an easy parameter to measure, but - as recent research has demonstrated - comfort and discomfort are considerably more subtle. This project aims to broaden our understanding of the causes of thermal discomfort, investigate innovative ways of assessing it, and quantify the benefits (for the user, the building fabric, and the environment) of traditional approaches to remediation.Aims - summarise the unintended consequences associated with current thermal-comfort criteria- identify the specific factors that most influence thermal discomfort in historic buildings- develop innovative methodologies for quantifying building user discomfort- quantify the benefits of these methodologies for energy and carbon reduction in historic buildings, including the avoidance of unintended consequences for the building fabric.Research hypotheses1: Parameters including air movement (draughtiness), relative humidity, ambient humidity, conductive and radiant body heat loss, and user activity play a much more important role in thermal comfort and discomfort than air temperature.2: Traditional ways of managing thermal discomfort can significantly reduce the pressure on air heating and cooling systems, allowing a reduction in energy and carbon use without negative impacts on building usability or historic building fabric.3: Robust ways of assessing and dealing with the real causes of thermal discomfort could help achieve important through-life reductions in the consumption of energy and carbon in buildings.

背景：旧的历史建筑通常被认为是能源消耗。可以说，情况恰恰相反。在工业革命之前，能源价格昂贵，难以开采。可接受的室内空气条件必须在很少或没有供暖等“建筑服务”投入的情况下提供。相反，巨大的墙壁和地板提供了来自外部条件的热缓冲;木材镶板等障碍物阻止了它们吸收居住者的身体热量。这些以及许多其他舒适和节能功能-以及支撑它们的知识-在很大程度上消失了，因为集中能源供应鼓励了空间加热和冷却等建筑服务的发展。温度计的引入完成了从建立用户对不适的复杂来源的理解到强调空气温度的转变。目前在建筑环境中推广的节能和减碳措施以空气温度为中心，通过减少通风和增加建筑围护结构的隔热来减少空调空气的损失。这些改造可能对传统建造的“大衣”建筑产生严重的负面影响，这些建筑依赖于与现代“雨衣”建筑中使用的材料和系统非常不同的材料和系统来控制水分。适应不良会导致建筑结构失效、能源和碳的使用增加以及严重的舒适度和健康问题。气温是一个容易测量的参数，但正如最近的研究所表明的那样，舒适度和不适度要微妙得多。本项目旨在拓宽我们对热不适原因的理解，研究评估热不适的创新方法，并量化其益处（对于用户来说，建筑结构，目的-总结与当前热舒适标准相关的意外后果-确定最影响历史建筑热不适的具体因素-开发创新的方法来量化建筑使用者的不适感-量化这些方法在历史建筑中减少能源和碳排放的好处，包括避免对建筑结构造成意外后果。研究假设1：包括空气流动在内的参数（通风），相对湿度，环境湿度，传导和辐射体热损失，和用户活动在热舒适和不舒适方面比空气温度起着更重要的作用。2：管理热不适的传统方法可以显着降低空气加热和冷却系统的压力，允许减少能源和碳的使用，而不会对建筑物的可用性或历史建筑结构产生负面影响。3：评估和处理热不适的真实的原因的稳健方法可以帮助实现建筑物中能源和碳消耗的重要终生减少。