Identity, Equity, and Communication in the Criminal Process: Investigating Language and Power in the Contemporary Scottish Courtroom
刑事程序中的身份、公平和沟通:调查当代苏格兰法庭的语言和权力
基本信息
- 批准号:2264630
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Studentship
- 财政年份:2019
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2019 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
'We tried to illuminate the role that language plays in the law's frequent failure to deliver on its basic promise of equal treatment. The single issue that emerged over and over was the centrality of language in the production, exercise, and subversion of legal power.' (Conley and O'Barr, 1993)Conley and O'Barr (1993) described as axiom of the court experience that participants leave with a 'sense' of unfairness, a 'feeling' that 'the power of the law is more accessible to some than to others' (p.3) In 2004, Scotland saw the passage of the Vulnerable Witnesses Act which allows procedural adjustments for certain disadvantaged groups. This not only illustrates institutional acknowledgment of the potential for harm as a result of court experiences (Bottoms and Roberts, 2010) but also highlights that Conley and O'Barr's observation continues to be relevant. They identified language as the single most important arena of study in order to understand this phenomenon. However, there is a surprising dearth in Criminology of focus on this main vehicle for the production, reproduction, and potential challenge of power. By paying attention to that which all players in the courtroom use but from different positions of power, we may gain insight into where exactly the persistent sense of unfairness in the courtroom comes from and how we may reduce it. A rich body of academic work casts the criminal justice system within the U.K. and Scotland as "stealing conflicts" from defendants (e.g. Christie, 1977). This PhD suggests that a more psychologically-aware and contemporary method of conceptualizing this issue is that of "stealing stories." Telling narratives about ourselves in our own way is not only of crucial psychological value, as vast research on narrative identity shows (e.g. Stevens, 2012), but also of rising interest within the field of criminology (e.g. Sandberg and Ugelvik, 2016). This project will therefore explore how stories are linguistically stolen in Scottish courts - or indeed whether enabled or championed - in order to provide an arena for its challenge. 1. How are stories constructed, reconstructed, and deconstructed in the criminal courts?A. What do professionals do during court proceedings with the narratives as presented by participants? B. Linguistically, does this constitute "stealing stories" from them?C. Can empirical approaches to language-in-context, such as conversation analysis and critical discourse analysis, help explore microdiscourse and provide insights on what happens to narratives in courts?2. How does language encode power in the criminal courts?A. What strategies of linguistic power play are employed upon narratives and what is their effect on wider power dynamics in the courtroom? B. What similarities and differences exist in what happens to narratives of witnesses (trial), victims (trial), and defendants (mitigation)? 3. What implications does the phenomenon of "stealing stories" have theoretically and practically?A. What are the implications for theories of "secondary harm" caused by the criminal justice process?B. How can underlying linguistic processes contribute to literatures on social identity (i.e. race, gender, class, etc.) and power in criminal courtroom proceedings?D. What can be done in practice to combat inequity, return stories, and reduce harm in Scottish courts?Studies of social disadvantage in the criminal process tend to focus on the experiences of individual groups, highlighting difference; my project may develop a theory of similarity under language and thus unify diverse bodies of criminological research. More practically, this research would reveal language as a site where social inequity is expressed and reproduced; it would thus also be the site where it could be challenged. This could be used for a number of awareness-building applications, to start with - for CJS practitioners, policy leaders, and third-sector services supporting witnes
“我们试图阐明语言在法律中经常未能兑现平等待遇的基本承诺所起的作用。反复出现的唯一问题是语言在法律权力的产生、行使和颠覆中的中心地位。”(Conley和O‘Barr,1993)Conley和O’Barr(1993)将法庭经验的公理描述为参与者带着不公平的“感觉”离开,一种“感觉”,即“一些人比另一些人更容易获得法律的力量”(p.3)2004年,苏格兰通过了《易受伤害证人法案》,允许对某些弱势群体进行程序调整。这不仅说明了机构对法庭经验的潜在危害的承认(Bottoms and Roberts,2010),而且还强调了Conley和O‘Barr的观察仍然具有现实意义。为了理解这一现象,他们认为语言是最重要的研究领域。然而,令人惊讶的是,犯罪学缺乏对权力的生产、繁殖和潜在挑战的主要工具的关注。通过关注法庭上所有参与者使用的、但来自不同权力位置的东西,我们可能会深入了解法庭上持续存在的不公平感到底来自哪里,以及我们如何减少它。一部丰富的学术著作将英国和苏格兰的刑事司法系统描述为“窃取被告的冲突”(例如,克里斯蒂,1977)。这位博士建议,将这个问题概念化的一种更具心理学意识和当代意义的方法是“窃取故事”。正如对叙事身份的大量研究所表明的那样,以我们自己的方式讲述关于我们自己的叙事不仅具有重要的心理价值(例如史蒂文斯,2012),而且在犯罪学领域也引起了越来越多的关注(例如Sandberg和Ugelvik,2016)。因此,这个项目将探索苏格兰法院如何在语言上窃取故事--或者实际上是启用或支持--以便为其挑战提供一个舞台。1.在刑事法庭中,故事是如何构建、重构和解构的?A.在法庭诉讼中,专业人员如何处理参与者提出的叙事?B.从语言学上讲,这是否构成了“窃取故事”?C.对语境中语言的经验性方法,如对话分析和批评性话语分析,是否有助于探索微观话语,并为法庭上的叙事提供洞察力?2.语言是如何在刑事法庭上编码权力的?A.在叙事上采用了什么语言权力游戏策略,它们对法庭上更广泛的权力动态有什么影响?B.证人(审判)、受害者(审判)和被告(减刑)的叙述有什么相似之处和不同之处?3.“窃取故事”现象在理论和实践上有什么影响?A.刑事司法程序对“二次伤害”理论有什么影响?B.潜在的语言过程如何有助于关于社会认同的文献(如种族、性别、阶级等)。以及刑事法庭诉讼中的权力?D.在实践中可以做些什么来打击苏格兰法院的不公平,重现故事,并减少伤害?对刑事诉讼过程中社会劣势的研究倾向于关注个别群体的经历,强调差异;我的项目可能会在语言下发展出一种相似理论,从而统一犯罪学研究的不同主体。更实际的是,这项研究将揭示语言作为一个表达和复制社会不平等的场所;因此,它也将是一个可能受到挑战的场所。这可以用于许多提高认识的应用程序,首先是CJS从业者、政策领导者和支持见证人的第三部门服务
项目成果
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其他文献
吉治仁志 他: "トランスジェニックマウスによるTIMP-1の線維化促進機序"最新医学. 55. 1781-1787 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等:“转基因小鼠中 TIMP-1 的促纤维化机制”现代医学 55. 1781-1787 (2000)。
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LiDAR Implementations for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
- DOI:
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2021 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
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吉治仁志 他: "イラスト医学&サイエンスシリーズ血管の分子医学"羊土社(渋谷正史編). 125 (2000)
Hitoshi Yoshiji 等人:“血管医学与科学系列分子医学图解”Yodosha(涉谷正志编辑)125(2000)。
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Effect of manidipine hydrochloride,a calcium antagonist,on isoproterenol-induced left ventricular hypertrophy: "Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,K.,Teragaki,M.,Iwao,H.and Yoshikawa,J." Jpn Circ J. 62(1). 47-52 (1998)
钙拮抗剂盐酸马尼地平对异丙肾上腺素引起的左心室肥厚的影响:“Yoshiyama,M.,Takeuchi,K.,Kim,S.,Hanatani,A.,Omura,T.,Toda,I.,Akioka,
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