Theorising Sustainable School Meals and Food Education. Provision in Primary Schools in England: A Realist Study

现有的研究学校是促进健康和可持续饮食习惯的理想场所，Dillon等人进一步辩称，FE是促进可持续未来的科学课程的“先决条件”。铁的活动，如种植和烹饪，已被发现增加了儿童的蔬菜和水果消费。这一发现很重要，因为有证据表明，主要以植物为基础的饮食，富含水果、蔬菜、坚果和豆类，可以在扭转气候变化方面产生重大影响-这仍然是ESRC(2017)的首要任务。研究建议，FE应该包括教育、行业和家长之间的合作。与农场联系紧密的学校的孩子们被发现吃更多的水果和蔬菜。还强调了今后开展研究以探索学校膳食促进健康和可持续饮食行为的潜力的必要性。此外，父母在支持更健康的生活方式方面的作用已被确定为解决儿童肥胖症的关键。证据强调了让整个学校社区、行业和外部专家参与寻找将食品可持续发展纳入课程的重要性。基于这份文献，本研究旨在调查小学环境中当前的FE实践，在学校、餐饮公司、当地农场、家长、教育专家和研究人员之间建立食品健康和可持续发展教育(FEHS)伙伴关系，并反思其在灌输更可持续和更健康的食品文化方面的影响。主要问题是FEHS伙伴关系可以在多大程度上在小学教育环境中发展健康和可持续的食品文化？为了回答这个最重要的问题，我将在英国的一所小学环境中回答以下问题。a)当前的FE实践对健康和可持续的饮食有何贡献？b)有效的Fehs伙伴关系在实践中可能是什么样子？c)学校、当地餐饮公司、家长、农场和教育组织如何合作促进健康和可持续的饮食？d)新的Fehs伙伴关系对儿童的饮食习惯有什么影响？方法计划开展参与性行动研究(PAR)，以其在影响现实世界社会变化方面的声誉和“实事求是、行动、反思、导致进一步的调查，然后采取行动寻求改变“。PAR改善了实践，并为知识发展提供了一种集体的、自我反省的选择。没有利益相关者的积极参与，就不可能实现研究的目的。其次，研究的参与性将增加所有利益相关者的承诺，并将意味着变化更有可能持续到研究之外。研究人员选择埃克塞特的圣伦纳德小学作为案例研究，因为：-学校位于城市；-提供户外空间用于厨房花园和学生烹饪设施；-愿意与餐饮公司合作；-积极的家长和教师协会(PTA)。

Existing researchSchools are ideally placed to promote healthy and sustainable eating habits, with Dillon et al.further arguing that FE is a "prerequisite" for a science curriculum which promotes a sustainable future. FE activities such as growing and cooking have been found to enhance children's vegetable and fruit consumption. This finding is important as evidence suggests that the consumption of a mainly plant-based diet, rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts and legumes can have a significant impact in reversing climate change - which remains a top priority for the ESRC (2017).Research recommends that FE should involve collaboration between education, industry and parents. Children in schools with strong farm links have been found to eat more fruit and vegetables. The need for future research to explore the potential of school meals to promote healthy and sustainable food behaviour has also been highlighted. In addition, the role of parents in endorsing a healthier lifestyle has been pinpointed as key in tackling childhood obesity. Evidence stresses the importance of involving the whole school community, industry and external experts in identifying ways to integrate food sustainability into the curriculum.Based on this literature, this study aims to investigate current FE practice in a primary school setting, enact a Food Education for Health and Sustainability (FEHS) partnership between the school, a catering company, a local farm, parents, educational experts and the researcher, and reflect on its impact in instilling a more sustainable and healthier food culture.Main Question To what extent can a FEHS partnership develop a healthy and sustainable food culture in a primary education setting? To answer the overarching question, I will address the following questions within one primary school setting in the UK.a) What contribution does current FE practice make to a healthy and sustainable diet?b) What could an effective FEHS partnership look like in practice?c) How can the school, local catering company, parents, farm and educational organisations collaborate to promote healthy and sustainable diet?d) What is the impact of a new FEHS partnership on children's eating habits?MethodologyA participatory action research (PAR) is planned for its reputation in effecting real-world social change and the cyclical nature of "fact-finding, action, reflection, leading to further inquiry then action for change". PAR improves practice, and offers a collective, and self-reflective alternative to knowledge development. Without the active engagement of stakeholders, it will be impossible to achieve the aim of study. Secondly the participatory nature of the research will increase the commitment of all stakeholders, and will mean that the change is more likely to endure beyond the study.The researcher identified St Leonard's Primary School in Exeter for the case study because:- The school is city-based;- Availability of outdoor space for kitchen garden and pupil cooking facilities;- Willingness to collaborate from catering company;- An active Parents and Teachers Association (PTA).