Affective Dispositions and Attention to Emotion Info.

描述(申请人提供)：人格的“两大”维度 (外向和神经质)被解释为基于生物学的 影响性格(分别是积极的和消极的情绪)。格雷‘s (1990)的理论通过张贴2个潜在的大脑来解释这些倾向 对奖惩线索敏感的系统(BAS和BIS)， 分别进行了分析。格雷理论的预测在研究中得到支持 中枢神经系统不对称性的研究，学习奖惩的研究，以及研究 响应性的积极和消极的实验室情绪诱导。然而， 而格雷的理论直接牵涉到注意部署(对线索 奖赏和惩罚的线索)，很少有研究专门关注 个体对情感相关信息的注意存在差异。 Stroop任务为研究提供了一个精确且有充分记录的工具 注意过程。此外，存在一个情绪化的版本，以及几个 提出了具有理论指导意义的改进方案。情绪化的Stroop任务 非常适合测试格雷关于个体的理论的预测 注意运用于享乐刺激的差异。 十项拟议的研究将解决我们对人格认识中的6个广泛差距 功能：1)测试情绪Stroop任务的修改版本，2) 开发和测试一种新的图片/文字情绪测试工具的增量效度 任务，3)使用情绪Stroop任务来检验注意差异 与格雷理论的结构相关联，4)检验注意 部署到正面和负面刺激类别，5)评估 人格特质和情绪状态在生产中的相对贡献 情绪Stroop干扰，以及6)检查是否注意 干扰是特定的(例如，愤怒、悲伤、焦虑和厌恶)，或者 从格雷的理论中预测，对享乐刺激是普遍的。 提出的研究的意义在于它直接测试了一个 格雷人格理论中重要但被忽视的部分，它包含了 “积极”特质(外向)和积极刺激，以及引入 一种新的、经过修改的情绪Stroop任务，可能会证明 对享乐主义的注意偏向敏感。结果将推动我们的理论 理解2个强健而核心的人格特征和意志 扩展方法工具集，有助于理解和 调查个体在情绪和注意力上的差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The "Big Two" dimensions of personality (Extraversion and Neuroticism) have been interpreted as biologically based affect dispositions (Positive and Negative Emotionality, respectively). Gray's (1990) theory accounts for these dispositions by posting 2 underlying brain systems (BAS and BIS) that are sensitive to cues of reward and punishment, respectively. Predictions from Gray's theory are receiving support in studies of CNS asymmetries, studies of learning to reward and punishment, and studies of responsivity positive and negative laboratory mood inductions. However, while Gray's theory directly implicates attentional deployment (to cues of reward and cues of punishment), little research has focused specifically on individual differences in attention to affect-relevant information. The Stroop task provides a precise and well-documented tool for studying attentional processes. Moreover, an emotional version exists, and several theoretically guided improvements are proposed. Emotional Stroop tasks are ideally suited to test predictions from Gray's theory about individual differences in attentional deployment to hedonic stimuli. Ten proposed studies will address 6 broad gaps in our knowledge of personality functioning: 1) to test modified versions of the emotion Stroop task, 2) to develop and test the incremental validity of a new picture/word emotion Stroop task, 3) to use the emotion Stroop tasks to examine attentional differences associated with the constructs of Gray's theory, 4) to examine attentional deployment to both positive and negative stimulus categories, 5) to assess the relative contribution of personality traits and emotion states in producing emotional Stroop interference, and 6) to examine whether attentional interference is specific (e.g., to anger, sadness, anxiety, and disgust) or, as predicted from Gray's theory, is general to hedonic stimuli. The significance of the proposed research lies in its direct test of an important but neglected part of Gray's theory of personality, its inclusion of "positive" traits (extraversion) and positive stimuli, and the introduction of a new and modified form of the emotional Stroop task that may prove more sensitive to hedonic attentional bias. Results will advance our theoretical understanding of 2 robust and central personality characteristics and will extend the set of methodological tools useful for understanding and investigating individual differences in emotion and attention.