Affective Dispositions and Attention to Emotion Info.

描述（由申请人提供）：人格的“两大”维度 （外倾性和神经质）已被解释为生物基础 影响倾向（分别为积极和消极的倾向性）。格雷的 （1990年）理论解释了这些倾向张贴2潜在的大脑 系统（BAS和BIS）对奖励和惩罚的线索敏感， 分别格雷理论的预测得到了研究的支持 中枢神经系统的不对称性，学习奖励和惩罚的研究， 积极和消极实验室情绪诱导的反应性。但是，在这方面， 而格雷的理论直接涉及注意力的部署（对 奖励和惩罚的暗示），很少有研究专门关注 个体对情感相关信息的注意力差异。 Stroop任务提供了一个精确且有据可查的工具， 注意力过程此外，还有一个情绪化的版本， 提出了理论指导的改进。情绪Stroop任务是 它非常适合于检验格雷关于个体的理论的预测， 注意力在享乐刺激上的差异。 10项拟议的研究将解决我们对人格的认识中的6大空白 功能：1）测试情绪Stroop任务的修改版本，2） 开发和测试一个新的图片/文字情绪Stroop的增量效度 任务，3）使用情绪Stroop任务考察注意差异 与格雷理论的结构相关联，4）检查注意力 部署到积极和消极的刺激类别，5）评估 人格特质和情绪状态在生产中的相对贡献 情绪Stroop干扰，以及6）检查是否注意 干扰是特定的（例如，愤怒、悲伤、焦虑和厌恶），或者， Gray的理论预测，是一般的享乐刺激。 所提出的研究的意义在于它直接测试了一个 格雷的人格理论中重要但被忽视的部分，包括 “积极”的特质（外向性）和积极的刺激，并介绍了 一个新的和修改形式的情绪Stroop任务，可能会证明更多 对享乐注意力偏差敏感。结果将推进我们的理论 理解2个强大的核心人格特征和意志 扩大一套有助于理解和 研究情绪和注意力的个体差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The "Big Two" dimensions of personality (Extraversion and Neuroticism) have been interpreted as biologically based affect dispositions (Positive and Negative Emotionality, respectively). Gray's (1990) theory accounts for these dispositions by posting 2 underlying brain systems (BAS and BIS) that are sensitive to cues of reward and punishment, respectively. Predictions from Gray's theory are receiving support in studies of CNS asymmetries, studies of learning to reward and punishment, and studies of responsivity positive and negative laboratory mood inductions. However, while Gray's theory directly implicates attentional deployment (to cues of reward and cues of punishment), little research has focused specifically on individual differences in attention to affect-relevant information. The Stroop task provides a precise and well-documented tool for studying attentional processes. Moreover, an emotional version exists, and several theoretically guided improvements are proposed. Emotional Stroop tasks are ideally suited to test predictions from Gray's theory about individual differences in attentional deployment to hedonic stimuli. Ten proposed studies will address 6 broad gaps in our knowledge of personality functioning: 1) to test modified versions of the emotion Stroop task, 2) to develop and test the incremental validity of a new picture/word emotion Stroop task, 3) to use the emotion Stroop tasks to examine attentional differences associated with the constructs of Gray's theory, 4) to examine attentional deployment to both positive and negative stimulus categories, 5) to assess the relative contribution of personality traits and emotion states in producing emotional Stroop interference, and 6) to examine whether attentional interference is specific (e.g., to anger, sadness, anxiety, and disgust) or, as predicted from Gray's theory, is general to hedonic stimuli. The significance of the proposed research lies in its direct test of an important but neglected part of Gray's theory of personality, its inclusion of "positive" traits (extraversion) and positive stimuli, and the introduction of a new and modified form of the emotional Stroop task that may prove more sensitive to hedonic attentional bias. Results will advance our theoretical understanding of 2 robust and central personality characteristics and will extend the set of methodological tools useful for understanding and investigating individual differences in emotion and attention.