Contemporary Italy in the UK and the US

我的项目旨在分析翻译成英语的作品作为英国文学的作用。这个语料库塑造了英语读者对外国文学和国家的看法，并影响了文学和文化辩论。翻译与其他形式的写作形成了连续性：著名的翻译家和作家被称为特定国家的专家，并具有公共角色。从一个国家翻译出来的东西和它的形象之间有很强的联系，我的研究打算探索这种联系。我将把重点放在英语和意大利语文学的相互关系上，因为这两种语言从一开始就纠缠在一起，直到今天还在继续相互影响。正如雷诺兹所说，这两种文化之间的翻译不能简单地用韦努蒂的“外国”或“国内”标签来描述，因为很难说英语在哪里结束，意大利语在哪里开始(2008)。对“英语中的意大利”的研究旨在提供一种语言和文化之间渗透空间的模式，旨在促进一种注重交流和互动的新的文学研究方法论的发展。考虑到语言互动的混合性(Apter 2013，Walkowitz 2015，以及Wellek 1959)，我们有必要将语言中介研究为一种语言或国家对另一种语言或国家的二元对立，有必要将其重新概念化为一种流动的动力(Apter 2013，Walkowitz 2015，但也包括Wellek 1959)。Delogu和LaGioia强调，自21世纪初以来，从费兰特热的爆发开始，由于英国出版市场对欧洲和国际作家的更大开放，意大利文学翻译成英语世界的数量增加了一倍多(2018)。然而，正如Comiati、Piperno和Willman所指出的那样，“几个世纪以来，学术界一直在关注意大利的形象，但到目前为止，关于英国世界如何看待今天的意大利的文章还很少。”(2018年)从对该领域的第一次贡献(La Penna 2008)开始，我的研究将首先通过概述意大利在英国和美国的文学形象来解决这一差距。我的研究将首先描述翻译文学在英国和美国市场的现状(海尔布伦1999)，重点放在意大利的形象和意大利翻译在这些动态中的作用，考虑到诸如设在意大利的畅销书(如Aciman的)，关于报纸的辩论(如Parks‘)，从意大利语翻译的畅销书(如Ferrante的)和重译(例如，Dante的案例)。通过对这些例子的讨论，我打算分析意大利在英语写作中的形象与从意大利传入英语的写作之间的连续性。在此基础上，我将分析意大利文学进入英语世界的两位相关调解人的个人作品：朱帕·拉希里(Jhumpa Lahiri)(美国)和杰米·麦肯德里克(Jamie McKendrick)(英国)。他们的例子具有相关性和代表性，因为他们都是著名的作家和翻译家，也都是有能力影响批评话语的个人(《S的友人》，卡萨诺瓦，2002年)。对他们作品的分析将使我能够讨论意大利在不同国家和体裁中的接受情况，并将使我能够更持续和详细地回答与他们的翻译实践有关的问题。我研究拉希里和麦肯德里克的重点将是：意大利语在他们的作品中发生了什么，意大利语在他们的翻译中发生了什么？我将从文学和文本的角度分析它们，考虑它们的影响并仔细阅读它们，相信这种双重方法，结合社会学框架和定性阅读，将使我能够吸取这两种方法的优点。最后，我打算采访这两位作家。

My project aims at analysing the role of works translated into English as English literature. This corpus shapes the perception English readers have of foreign literatures and countries, and influences the literary and cultural debate. Translations form a continuity with other forms of writing: famous translators and writers are referred to as experts on a specific country, and have a public role. There are strong connections between what is translated from a country and its image, and it is this connection that my research intends to explore.I will focus on the interrelations of English and Italian literatures, as these languages have been entangled since their very beginnings, and they continue to influence one another to this day. As Reynolds argues, the translations between these two cultures cannot simply be described using Venuti's labels of 'foreign' or 'domestic', as it is hard to draw a line to say where the English ends and Italian begins (2008). The study of the 'Italy in English' case is intended to provide a model of permeable space between languages and cultures, and aims at contributing to the development of a new literary research methodology focused on exchange and interactions. Rather than studying language mediations as a binary opposition from one language or country to another, it is necessary to re-conceptualise it as a fluid dynamic, considering the hybridity of language interaction (Apter 2013, Walkowitz 2015, but also Wellek 1959).Delogu and Lagioia highlight that since the start of the twenty-first century, beginning with the explosion of the "Ferrante fever", and thanks to the 'greater openness of the British publishing market towards European and international authors', the number of translations of Italian literature into the English-speaking world 'has more than doubled' (2018). However, as Comiati, Piperno and Willman pointed out, 'whilst a large amount of scholarly attention has been devoted to the image of Italy through the centuries, little has been written so far on how the British world perceives Italy today' (2018). Moving on from first contributions to the field (La Penna 2008), my research will first address this gap by providing an overview of the current literary image of Italy in the UK and the US.My research will first provide a description of the current state of translated literature in the British and American market (Heilbron 1999), with a focus on the image of Italy and the role of Italian translation in these dynamics, taking into account elements such as bestsellers set in Italy (as Aciman's), debates on newspapers (as Parks'), bestselling books translated from Italian (as Ferrante's) and retranslations (for instance, Dante's case). By discussing these examples, I intend to analyse the continuities between the images of Italy in English writing and in relation to writing that has come into English from Italy. Building on this, I will analyse the personal production of two relevant mediators of Italian literature into the English-speaking world: Jhumpa Lahiri (US) and Jamie McKendrick (UK). Their examples are relevant and representative as they both are renowned writers and translators, as well as individuals who have the power to influence critical discourse ("les consacrants consacrés", Casanova 2002). The analysis of their production will allow me to discuss the reception of Italy in different nations and genres, and will let me address questions related to their translation practice in a more sustained and detailed way. My focus in studying Lahiri and McKendrick will be: what happens to Italy in their writings and to Italian in their translations? I will analyse them in a literary and textual perspective, considering their impact and reading them closely, in the belief that this double approach, combining the sociological framework to qualitative reading, will allow me to draw on the strengths of both methods. Finally, I aim to interview both writers.