In-situ manipulation of ferroelectic structures at atomic level

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Ferroelectric materials are characterized by the existence of a finite electric polarization in absence of an external field below the Curie temperature. These materials tend to form domains, i.e. areas with the same direction of polarization. The application of an electric field can change the spontaneous polarization of these materials. Therefore, control over the switching of the domains, i.e. the polarization direction is essential for future applications in electro-mechanical devices. Recently, micro-electro-mechanical systems have been developed for transmission electron microscopy, allowing ferroelectric materials to be electrically biased and/or heated in-situ, producing real-time information on the specimen under controllable electrical /temperature conditions. Additionally, it is possible to directly correlate atomic level dynamics to electrical properties and temperature. The main objective of the project is the in-situ manipulation of ferroelectric structures at atomic level. This will require a combination of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and mapping algorithms to carry out polarization analysis of the material with and without biasing at different temperatures.