From islands of excellence to state professionalisation: European integration and the management of bureaucratic elites in post-communist Europe

从卓越岛屿到国家专业化：欧洲一体化和后共产主义欧洲官僚精英的管理

• 批准号: 2271620
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Nottingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2271620
• 关键词: islands; excellence; state; professionalisation; European

This research seeks to investigate the impact of European Union (EU) integration on the professionalisation of bureaucratic elites in post-communist Europe. The establishment of a professional and depoliticised civil service has been a precondition for the success of the 'dual transformation' (Bartlett 1997) from one party to multi-party democracy and from a state-planned to market economy. It was also a condition for EU accession of the new member-states from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) (Dimitrova 2010).Despite its significance, the process towards depoliticisation in the region has been partially successful at best. On the one hand, it has been shown that the politicisation of the bureaucracy, in particular at the senior level, has persisted (Meyer-Sahling/Veen 2012). On the other hand, it has been argued that EU accession created clusters of exceptionally-skilled, non-partisan personnel, or 'islands of excellence' (Goetz 2001), with two possible consequences - sustained concentration in the institutions, most exposed to the EU, leading to state fragmentation, or spillage to the whole system, thereby increasing the professionalisation of the entire state administration. However, the existence of such 'islands of excellence' or 'pockets of efficiency' (Bersch et al. 2017) has not yet been theoretically developed and empirically researched in the region of Central and Eastern Europe. This is especially true for the level of senior bureaucrats at the interface of politics and administration.Based on a similar study of Hungary (Meyer-Sahling 2008) for the first ten years of post-communist transition, the research will conduct an in-depth analysis of appointments and dismissals of senior bureaucrats within governments, within ministries and over time in one crucial case, Bulgaria. A main objective of this project is the creation of a large dataset for the post-communist period, containing the biographical, demographic, professional and political information of the top two layers of civil service - secretaries-general and vice secretaries-general in various ministries. The dataset will permit an in-depth investigation at different points in time, as determined by varying degrees, policy domains and types of EU exposure in the individual ministries. Consequently, the research has four main objectives:(i) Develop hypotheses based on relevant bodies of literature on post-communist transformation, the politicisation of bureaucratic elites in Western democracies, the Europeanisation of public administration and the emergence of 'pockets of effectiveness' in developing country administrations, especially Latin America. (ii) Build a dataset of senior bureaucrats in one Central and Eastern European country, Bulgaria, which will consist of appointees to the top two layers of civil service in all government ministries for the post-communist period, research and coding of their biographical information.(iii) Map the patterns of appointment and dismissal, including modes of politicisation, selection, deselection and the demographic and professional features of senior bureaucrats. (iv) Empirically test the hypotheses by evaluating the extent to which exposure to EU integration - different types, degrees, periods - shapes the selection and deselection of senior bureaucrats.

本研究旨在探讨欧盟一体化对后共产主义欧洲官僚精英专业化的影响。建立专业和非政治化的公务员制度是成功实现从一党民主到多党民主和从国家计划经济到市场经济的“双重转型”（Bartlett，1997）的先决条件。这也是中欧和东欧（CEE）新成员国加入欧盟的条件（Dimitrova 2010）。尽管其重要性，该地区的去政治化进程充其量只是部分成功。一方面，已经表明官僚政治化，特别是在高层，一直存在（Meyer-Sahling/Veen 2012）。另一方面，有人认为，加入欧盟创造了一批技能出众、无党派的人员，或“卓越之岛”（Goetz 2001），有两种可能的后果--持续集中在最受欧盟影响的机构，导致国家分裂，或溢出到整个系统，从而提高整个国家行政管理的专业化。然而，在中欧和东欧地区，这种“卓越岛屿”或“效率口袋”（Bersch et al. 2017）的存在尚未得到理论上的发展和实证研究。在此基础上，以匈牙利（Meyer-Sahling，2008）为例，对后共产主义过渡时期的前10年的政府内部、各部门内部以及保加利亚这一关键案例中的高级官员的任免情况进行深入分析。该项目的一个主要目标是建立一个后共产主义时期的大型数据集，其中包括公务员最高两层-各部秘书长和副秘书长-的履历、人口、专业和政治信息。数据集将允许在不同的时间点进行深入调查，这取决于各部委不同的欧盟风险程度、政策领域和类型。因此，研究有四个主要目标：（一）发展的基础上，对后共产主义转型，西方民主国家的官僚精英的政治化，公共行政的欧洲化和发展中国家的行政部门，特别是拉丁美洲的“效率口袋”的出现相关机构的文献的假设。(ii)在一个中欧和东欧国家保加利亚建立一个高级官员数据集，其中包括后共产主义时期所有政府部委最高两层公务员的任命，研究和编码他们的传记信息。(iii)绘制任命和解雇的模式，包括政治化、选拔和取消选拔的模式，以及高级官僚的人口和专业特征。(iv)实证检验的假设，通过评估在何种程度上暴露于欧盟一体化-不同的类型，程度，时期-形状的选择和取消选择的高级官僚。