Teaching craft skills in the building trades: the Museum of Construction and Building Materials and its legacies

教授建筑行业的工艺技能：建筑和建筑材料博物馆及其遗产

• 批准号: 2272555
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2272555
• 关键词: Teaching; craft; skills; building; trades

The project explores the relationships between museums, education and the building trades in 19th-century London. It focuses on the Museum of Construction and Building Materials (MCBM), founded in 1859, directed by Francis Fowke and overseen by the Department of Science and Art. The MCBM was one of the precursors of the V&A, and its collection included raw materials, products, models and designs; many objects were incorporated into the V&A buildings. The museum had close links with the construction industry and its displays were intended for an audience of artisans and students. Following its dissolution in 1888, parts of the collection remained in the V&A.The initial aim is to compile a catalogue of extant objects from the MCBM. Examples survive in the V&A sculpture department, such as a group of architectural models accessioned as untraced finds in 1973 (A.10 to 15-1973). Other objects from the MCBM are now in the ceramics collection, including a mosaic panel of Pluto and Proserpine, accessioned as an untraced find in 1923 (C.94 & 95-1923). The catalogue will underpin an analysis of the MCBM's practices of collecting and display.The role of object-based learning in the building trades is a central area of focus. The research will explore the nature of the MCBM's audience and draw links between the museum and the training in construction offered by London art and design schools. These included Camberwell College of Arts & Crafts, Battersea Polytechnic and Hammersmith College of Art & Building, which taught subjects including masonry, plumbing and plastering, as well as architecture and construction engineering. Students worked towards examinations set by the Department of Science and Art. This aspect of the project relates to current interest in making as a form of knowledge, among architects such as Juhani Pallasmaa and Peter Zumthor as well as academics like Glenn Adamson.Previous histories of the V&A focus primarily on elements of the museum that survive into the present. Major surveys range from John Physick's 1982 history of the museum to Julius Bryant's 2017 analysis of its design. Several key objects from the MCBM which were incorporated into the V&A buildings are identified in these works. This research will build on the existing histories by identifying objects whose original connection to the MCBM has been lost.A smaller body of literature explores alternative approaches to the history of South Kensington, including Dale Dishon's work on the 1862 exhibition and Bruce Robertson's exploration of the institutional history of the South Kensington museums. Robertson critiques the teleological structure of histories which treat the emergence of a unified museum of art and design as an inevitability; he emphasises the diversity of institutions occupying the site in the 1850s-80s. Dishon demonstrates the significance of the 1862 exhibition in terms of design and building technology. This project shares their focus on the overlap between the arts and sciences in the early stages of development at South Kensington.There is also a growing historical interest in the relationship between museums and the development of new academic disciplines in the Victorian period. This includes ongoing research into the materiality of the Oxford Museum of Natural History and the emergence of the sciences at Oxford, and a project at Leeds looking at museum collections, academic teaching and the new discipline of geology in the 19th century. The project will contribute to this emerging field by exploring the role of museums in technical education.By exploring how the collections, displays and audiences interacted, and how they related to more formal education in the building trades, the project will create a holistic picture of the MCBM's role in teaching and learning. This will be based on a combination of archival and object-based study.

该项目探索了19世纪伦敦博物馆、教育和建筑行业之间的关系。它的重点是建筑和建筑材料博物馆（MCBM），成立于1859年，由弗朗西斯·福克（Francis Fowke）领导，并由科学和艺术部监督。MCBM是V&A博物馆的前身之一，它的藏品包括原材料、产品、模型和设计；许多物品被纳入V&A博物馆的建筑中。博物馆与建筑行业有着密切的联系，它的展品是为工匠和学生观众准备的。1888年解散后，部分藏品留在了V&A博物馆。最初的目标是汇编MCBM中现存物体的目录。现存于V&A雕塑部门的例子，如1973年作为未追踪的发现加入的一组建筑模型（a .10至15-1973）。其他来自MCBM的物品现在在陶瓷收藏中，包括冥王星和普罗塞福涅的马赛克面板，作为1923年（C.94 & 95-1923）的一个未被追踪的发现加入。该目录将支持对MCBM收集和展示实践的分析。基于对象的学习在建筑行业中的作用是关注的中心领域。这项研究将探索MCBM观众的性质，并将博物馆与伦敦艺术和设计学校提供的建筑培训联系起来。其中包括坎伯韦尔艺术与工艺学院、巴特西理工学院和哈默史密斯艺术与建筑学院，这些学院教授的课程包括砖石、管道和抹灰，以及建筑和建筑工程。学生们为科学与艺术系制定的考试而努力。该项目的这一方面与当前建筑师如Juhani Pallasmaa和Peter Zumthor以及学者如Glenn Adamson对制作作为一种知识形式的兴趣有关。V&A博物馆以前的历史主要集中在博物馆存活到现在的元素上。主要的调查范围从约翰·菲西克1982年的博物馆历史到朱利叶斯·布莱恩特2017年对其设计的分析。MCBM的几个关键对象被纳入V&A建筑，在这些作品中被确定。这项研究将以现有的历史为基础，通过识别那些与MCBM失去原始联系的物体。一小部分文献探索了南肯辛顿历史的其他方法，包括Dale Dishon在1862年展览上的作品和Bruce Robertson对南肯辛顿博物馆制度历史的探索。罗伯逊批判了历史的目的论结构，这种结构将艺术与设计统一的博物馆的出现视为一种必然性；他强调了19世纪50年代至80年代占据该场地的机构的多样性。迪顺展示了1862年展览在设计和建筑技术方面的意义。这个项目在南肯辛顿的早期发展阶段分享了他们对艺术和科学之间重叠的关注。在维多利亚时期，博物馆与新学科发展之间的关系也引起了越来越多的历史兴趣。这包括正在进行的对牛津自然历史博物馆的物质性和牛津科学的兴起的研究，以及利兹大学的一个项目，研究19世纪的博物馆收藏、学术教学和地质学的新学科。该项目将通过探索博物馆在技术教育中的作用，为这一新兴领域做出贡献。通过探索藏品、展览和观众如何互动，以及它们如何与建筑行业的正规教育相关联，该项目将全面展示MCBM在教学和学习中的作用。这将基于档案和基于对象的研究相结合。