Transmitting Craft Knowledge: Eliciting and passing on the skills of craft masters with the help of interactive media

传承工艺知识：借助互动媒体引出并传承工艺大师的技艺

• 批准号: AH/D001838/1
• 负责人: Chris Rust
• 金额: $ 18.28万
• 依托单位: Sheffield Hallam University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FD001838%2F1
• 关键词: Transmitting; Craft; Knowledge; Eliciting; passing

The central problem behind this research is how to understand and transmit the expert knowledge of skilled craftspeople. In particular we are interested in craft skills that may be disappearing, despite there being people interested in preserving those skills and learning them. For example many traditional rural skills are essential for preserving our heritage of buildings and other aspects of rural life, but there are few people left to pass on the knowledge and learners do not have the time for traditional apprenticeships.The research is being carried out by designers and our interest is to understand how design professionals can play a part in addressing this problem.Previous research at Sheffield Hallam University has shown that it is possible to use computer based interactive materials to help learners, who have had some initial instruction from a craft master, to continue to develop these skills at their own pace. As well as developing a system for designing these interactive materials we have methods for discovering the craft master's tacit (unspoken) knowledge and testing our understanding through a programme of experimental learning sessions.In this project we propose to bring this work to a conclusion in two ways. Firstly we will investigate how to bring in an 'expert learner', a craftsperson with good relevant skills and experience, to work with an interactive media designer, who cannot be expected to understand the subtleties of craft practice. Secondly we will bring together all the methods and knowledge from the research programme, which started in 2001, into a prototype learning resource. This will be evaluated by asking a group of craft practitioners, experts and students, to use the prototype as part of a learning programme which will culminate in them producing new creative work using these skills.The area of craft skill chosen for this work is traditional custom knife making. Sheffield still has a number of master craftsmen making custom knives and some of them have agreed to support the work by giving training to our expert learner. The learners taking part in the evaluation will come from a new generation of creative metalworkers whose interests lie in adapting old skills to new craft practices. This creates an opportunity to open up a new investigation into how skills can be transmitted and transformed in ways that were common among pre-industrial craftsmen but have faded away since the industrial revolution brought in a more functional idea of making, that allowed less room for reflection and artistry.The second aspect of the research will therefore observe and record the effect of bringing together a community of craftspeople to learn a set of skills, each with a different agenda and ideas about how to apply those skills. One of the outcomes of the research will be an exhibition of work from this group and we expect to identify new research questions from this first step.The research brings together a number of aspects of design research at Sheffield Hallam University. It draws on expertise in the role of tacit (unspoken) knowledge in design, interactive learning materials, contemporary craft metalwork, video production and human computer interface design, all based in the Cultural, Communication and Computing Research Institute. The research is 'practice-led' in the sense that much of the investigation is pursued through making and evaluating things. The relationship between creative practice and development of new knowledge has been a feature of this and other design research at the university where creative practices may be an important feature of the methods, but the focus is on developing useful knowledge that has implications beyond the problems of designing.

本研究的核心问题是如何理解和传播熟练工匠的专业知识。特别是我们对可能正在消失的手工艺技能感兴趣，尽管有人有兴趣保存这些技能并学习它们。例如，许多传统的农村技能对于保护我们的建筑遗产和农村生活的其他方面至关重要，但是很少有人留下来传授知识，学习者没有时间进行传统的学徒制。这项研究是由设计师进行的，我们的兴趣是了解设计专业人员如何在解决这个问题方面发挥作用。谢菲尔德哈勒姆大学以前的研究已经表明可以使用基于计算机的交互式材料来帮助学习者，他们已经从工艺大师那里得到了一些初步的指导，继续按照自己的节奏发展这些技能。以及开发一个系统来设计这些交互式材料，我们有方法发现工艺大师的隐性（未说出口）的知识和测试我们的理解，通过一个程序的实验学习会议。在这个项目中，我们建议把这项工作的结论在两个方面。首先，我们将研究如何引入一个“专家学习者”，一个具有良好相关技能和经验的专家，与一个互动媒体设计师一起工作，他们不能被期望理解工艺实践的微妙之处。其次，我们将把2001年开始的研究方案的所有方法和知识汇集到一个原型学习资源中。这将通过要求一组工艺从业者，专家和学生，使用原型作为学习计划的一部分，这将最终导致他们使用这些技能产生新的创造性工作进行评估。这项工作选择的工艺技能领域是传统的定制刀具制作。谢菲尔德仍然有一些制作定制刀具的工匠大师，他们中的一些人已经同意通过向我们的专家学习者提供培训来支持这项工作。参加评估的学习者将来自新一代的创造性金属工人，他们的兴趣在于使旧技能适应新的工艺实践。这就创造了一个机会，可以开启一个新的研究，探讨技能如何以工业化前工匠中常见的方式传播和转化，但自从工业革命带来了更实用的制造理念以来，因此，研究的第二个方面将观察和记录将手工艺者聚集在一起学习艺术的效果。一套技能，每一种技能都有不同的议程和如何应用这些技能的想法。研究的成果之一将是这个小组的工作展览，我们希望从这第一步确定新的研究问题。这项研究汇集了谢菲尔德哈勒姆大学设计研究的一些方面。它利用了在设计、互动学习材料、当代工艺金属制品、视频制作和人机界面设计方面的隐性（不言而喻）知识的作用方面的专门知识，所有这些都设在文化、通信和计算研究所。这项研究是“实践主导”的，因为大部分调查都是通过制作和评估事物来进行的。创造性的实践和新知识的发展之间的关系一直是这一特点和其他设计研究在大学的创造性的做法可能是一个重要的特点的方法，但重点是开发有用的知识，具有超越设计的问题的影响。