Imitation from television during infancy

婴儿期模仿电视

• 批准号: 6687067
• 负责人: RACHEL F. BARR
• 金额: $ 7.45万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6687067
• 关键词: attention; auditory stimulus; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; clinical research; developmental psychology; human subject; imitative behavior; learning transfer; musics; performance; preschool child (1-5); sound perception; television; video recording system; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although infants are exposed to television for many hours per day during infancy, very little is known about its real behavioral impact. To date we know that by 14- to 18-months, infants can imitate simple actions they saw on television 1 day earlier. Their ability to imitate televised actions, however, lags significantly behind their ability to imitate those same actions that were demonstrated by a live model. The basis for this lag is unclear, but several possibilities are obvious. First, laboratory studies have used only very short single presentations, but in the real world, the same televised information is typically frequently repeated within a segment and presented on many occasions. Second, laboratory studies have not included features common to commercially available televised programs. Finally, laboratory studies have presented only an isolated piece of televised information, but in the real world, multiple pieces of information are typically presented at once. In three studies, independent groups of 12-, 15-, 18-, and 21-month-old will be exposed to live or videotaped demonstrations of target actions, and their imitation performance will be measured 24 hr later. In the first study, the number of repetitions of the target actions will be increased from 3 to 6 for the video group and will continue to be doubled until infants in the video group imitate the same number of actions as infants in the live group. In the second study, attention to and imitation of televised sequences containing sound effects and lively music will be measured. In the third study ways to increase generalization and transfer of knowledge gained from television to objects that differ in size or shape will be examined (1) by modeling the target actions on a variety of stimuli and (2) by modeling the target actions on one object after preexposure to two objects that differ in shape and/or color. In both cases, infants will be tested with the original object or one that differs in color and/or shape. The results will have important theoretical implications for infant memory processing of two-dimensionally presented information. They will also have important applied implications for developing effective educational programs for normal infants and intervention programs for compromised infants in this expanding digital world.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管婴儿每天在婴儿期每天接触电视，但对其真正的行为影响知之甚少。迄今为止，我们知道，到14到18个月，婴儿可以在1天前模仿他们在电视上看到的简单动作。然而，他们模仿电视行动的能力极大地落后于他们模仿现场模型所证明的相同动作的能力。这个滞后的基础尚不清楚，但是有几种可能性是显而易见的。首先，实验室研究仅使用了非常短的单个演示文稿，但是在现实世界中，相同的电视信息通常经常在一个细分市场中重复，并且在许多情况下进行了介绍。其次，实验室研究尚未包含商业可用电视节目的共同特征。最后，实验室研究仅提供了一块孤立的电视信息，但是在现实世界中，通常会立即提供多个信息。在三项研究中，将暴露于目标行动的现场或录像的12个，15、18和21个月大的独立组，其模仿性能将在24小时后测量。在第一项研究中，目标动作的重复次数将从3个视频组增加到6，并将继续增加一倍，直到视频组的婴儿模仿与现场活组中婴儿相同的动作数量。在第二项研究中，将衡量包含声音效应和活泼音乐的电视序列的关注和模仿。在第三种研究方法中，将检查（1）通过对各种刺激的目标动作进行建模，并通过对两个对象上的目标动作进行建模，从而，将检查从电视到大小或形状不同的物体获得的知识的概括和转移的方法（1）。在这两种情况下，婴儿都将用原始对象或颜色和/或形状不同的对象进行测试。结果将对二维呈现的信息的婴儿记忆处理具有重要的理论意义。他们还将为在这个不断扩展的数字世界中为妥协的婴儿制定有效的教育计划和干预计划具有重要的应用。