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Exploration of the circulation and cloud structure of the atmospheres of the Giant Planets with ground- and space-based telescopes

用地基和天基望远镜探索巨行星大气层的环流和云结构

基本信息

批准号：
2284063
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2284063
关键词：
Exploration circulation cloud structure atmospheres

项目摘要

Voyager 2 flew past Uranus and Neptune in 1986 and 1989, and provided our only close-up views of these ice giant worlds. Now, more than a quarter of a century later, the ice giants are recognised as key destinations for future planetary missions and as our closest examples of a planetary class that appears commonplace throughout our galaxy. The Voyager flybys revealed dynamic worlds with atmospheres quite unlike the familiar banded cloud structures seen on Jupiter and Saturn, but the brevity of these encounters prevented detailed scrutiny. Uranus was shown to be rather sluggish, whereas Neptune featured dynamic cloud activity and vortices. This difference has never been satisfactorily explained and subsequent ground-based observations have since suggested that the activity on both of these planets varies hugely with time. This project aims to construct a three-dimensional understanding of ice giant atmospheres to connect activity in the tropospheric weather layer (where convective clouds form and are sheared apart) to the middle atmosphere (the stratosphere, dominated by wave activity and photochemistry). The candidate would attempt to link changes in cloud activity and albedo in reflectivity spectra (wavelengths < 3 um) measured by instruments such as VLT/MUSE and VLT/SINFONI, with the temperature and composition of the ice giants as measured in thermal-infrared spectra (wavelengths> 5 um, e.g., VLT/VISIR, Spitzer) to reveal the underlying dynamics and circulations of these ice giant atmospheres. This work will be used to determine the spatial variation, vertical distribution and temporal evolution of temperature and cloud activity and better understand the condensation processes at work in these frigid atmospheres. This work will be used to plan and execute further observations and also prepare for the reduction of planned observations made with NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scheduled for launch in 2021.The key result of this project will be a self-consistent picture of the circulation and cloud-forming processes at work on the ice giants, paving the way for future atmospheric studies by visiting spacecraft.

旅行者2号在1986年和1989年飞过天王星和海王星，提供了我们对这些冰巨人世界唯一的近距离观察。现在，四分之一个多世纪过去了，冰巨人被认为是未来行星任务的关键目的地，也是我们银河系中常见的行星类的最接近的例子。旅行者号的飞行揭示了具有大气的动态世界，与在木星和土星上看到的熟悉的带状云结构非常不同，但这些遭遇的短暂使人们无法进行详细的审查。天王星表现得相当迟缓，而海王星则表现出动态的云层活动和漩涡。这种差异从未得到令人满意的解释，随后的地面观测表明，这两颗行星上的活动随着时间的推移而变化很大。该项目旨在构建对冰层巨型大气的三维理解，以将对流层天气层(对流云在那里形成并被剪切分解)的活动与中间大气(平流层，以波活动和光化学为主)联系起来。候选人将尝试将由VLT/MUSE和VLT/SINFONI等仪器测量的云活动和反射率光谱(波长和3微米)的变化与热红外光谱(波长和5微米，例如VLT/VISIR，Spitzer)测量的冰巨星的温度和组成联系起来，以揭示这些冰巨型大气的潜在动力学和环流。这项工作将被用来确定温度和云活动的空间变化、垂直分布和时间演变，并更好地理解这些寒冷大气中的凝结过程。这项工作将用于计划和执行进一步的观测，并为减少美国国家航空航天局詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜(JWST)计划进行的观测做准备。该项目计划于2021年发射。该项目的主要结果将是冰巨人环流和云形成过程的自洽图景，为访问航天器进行未来的大气研究铺平道路。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（4）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Variability in the Uranian atmosphere: Uranus' north polar hood

天王星大气层的变化：天王星的北极罩

DOI：
10.5194/epsc2022-87
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
James A
通讯作者：
James A

Hazy Blue Worlds: A Holistic Aerosol Model for Uranus and Neptune, Including Dark Spots.

DOI：
10.1029/2022je007189
发表时间：
2022-06
期刊：
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Irwin, P. G. J.;Teanby, N. A.;Fletcher, L. N.;Toledo, D.;Orton, G. S.;Wong, M. H.;Roman, M. T.;Perez-Hoyos, S.;James, A.;Dobinson, J.
通讯作者：
Dobinson, J.

Latitudinal variation of methane mole fraction above clouds in Neptune's atmosphere from VLT/MUSE-NFM: Limb-darkening reanalysis

来自 VLT/MUSE-NFM 的海王星大气云层上方甲烷摩尔分数的纬度变化：临边变暗再分析