The Age friendly Movement Policy in Manchester: The Creation of Sustainable changes to Active Ageing: A Longitudinal Study

对老年人生活质量的研究确定了就地老龄化、社区意识和社会关系对积极和成功老龄化的重要性。根据这些发现，世界卫生组织强调了实现晚年生活质量的八个领域：住房、交通、尊重和社会包容、社会参与、社会和公民参与、户外空间和建筑、社区支持和健康服务以及通信和信息。我们从这些工作中了解到，在城市中，老年人生活得更好的潜力很大，而社会参与、自主权和支持性的家庭和邻里环境是实现这一目标的关键。然而，令人惊讶的是，关于现实生活干预对参与者在城市环境中的日常生活体验的影响，人们知之甚少。虽然已经有一些关于老年人友好型项目的成功和失败的研究，但很少有学术研究考虑这些项目如何旨在改善老年人的生活质量，以及是否改善老年人的生活质量。通过关注曼彻斯特的老年友好运动，这项研究旨在通过考虑老年友好项目对已知生活质量领域的影响，创建一个评估老年友好项目成功与否的工作框架。因此，这项研究将调查现实生活中的老年人友好型项目，这些项目通常在具有挑战性的条件下工作，是否可以为老年人带来积极的影响。老年人在城市中的生活经历是由政策以及项目创建和应用的方式形成并持续影响的。我的主人的提案将考察曼彻斯特两个不同城市环境中的两个不同的年龄友好型项目。本论文旨在探讨不同环境条件对老年友好型政策制定的影响。这将包括确定如何以及哪些生活质量领域被有意识地插入到项目中，政策制定者对这些领域有多了解，以及他们如何积极寻求做出旨在应对城市挑战的改变。在每个项目中，我将承担八个一小时(约)对一系列政策制定者和服务提供商的采访。例如，这些人可能包括资助者、项目经理、筹款人和设计师。采访政策制定者将使他们能够交流曼彻斯特的老年友好型政策是如何被城市环境塑造的，并让我调查生活质量领域是否以及如何在老年友好型项目中形成概念。博士项目将是一项较长时期的纵向研究，重点是另外三个年龄友好型项目，每个项目都处于不同的发展阶段。这些将包括一个预期的项目，一个正在实施的项目，以及一个已经确立的项目。本研究将从纵向的角度来考察参与者的生活体验。我将从每个项目中研究两组相似的参与者。每个站点的第一组将由八名政策制定者组成，第二组是该项目八名年长参与者中的第二组，总共有48名受访者。我将遵循一个预先确定的框架，对每个受访者进行三次连续的半结构化面试。第一次面谈将集中于以前对老年人友好项目的经验，第二次将基于当前的经验，第三次将结合从两次面谈中收集的信息来描述个人对该项目的具体经验。我将在头两年内进行这些面试，在我博士学位的第三年进行最终分析、写作和政策参与。该项目将有助于学术知识，并有助于今后对项目的评估。

Research on quality of life in older age identifies the importance of ageing in place, sense of community, and social relationships for active and successful ageing. Drawing from these findings, the World Health Organisation emphasise eight areas for achieving quality of life in later life: housing, transportation, respect and social inclusion, social participation, social and civic engagement, outdoor spaces and buildings, community support and health services and communication and information. We know from this body of work that there is great potential in cities for older people's lives to be lived better, and that social participation, autonomy and supportive home and neighbourhood environments are key in achieving this. Nevertheless, there is surprisingly little known about the impact of real-life interventions on participants' day-to-day lived experience in urban environments. Whilst there has been some research on the successes and downfalls of age-friendly projects, there are very few academic studies that consider how such projects aim to, and do or do not, improve quality of life for older people. By focussing on the age-friendly movement in Manchester, this study aims to create a working framework for evaluating the success of age-friendly projects, by considering their impact on known domains of quality of life. This research will therefore investigate whether real-life age-friendly projects, often working under challenging conditions, can make a positive difference for older people. The lived experience of older people in cities is formed and continuously affected by policy, and the way projects are created and applied. My Master's proposal will examine two different age-friendly projects from two different urban environments within Manchester. The aim of the dissertation will be to explore the effects that different environmental conditions have on age-friendly policy making. This will include identifying how and which quality of life domains are consciously inserted into projects, how aware policy makers are of these domains, and how they actively seek to make changes aimed at combating urban challenges. Within each project, I will undertake eight one-hour (approx.) interviews with a range of policy makers and service providers. These might include for example funders, project manager, fundraisers and designers. Interviewing policy makers will enable them to communicate how age-friendly Manchester policy is being shaped by the urban circumstances and allow me to investigate whether and how quality of life domains are conceptualised in age-friendly projects. The Doctoral project will be a longitudinal study over an extended period, focusing on three further age-friendly projects, each at different stages of development. These will include an anticipated project, a project being implemented, and a project which has been firmly established. This research will focus on participants' lived experiences in longitudinal perspective. I will study two similar groups of participants from each project. The first group from each site will consist of eight policy makers, and the second of eight older participants of the project, with 48 interviewees in all. I will be following a pre-determined frame of three consecutive semi-structured interviews with each interviewee. The first interview will centre on the previous experiences with the age-friendly project, the second based on current experience, and the third will combine the gathered information from both interviews to describe the individuals specific experience with the project. I will undertake these interviews within the first two years, with the third year of my PhD for final analysis, writing up and policy involvement. This project will contribute to academic knowledge and aid of future assessments of projects.