Water drinking behaviour: exploring the motivations and situational contexts

目前还没有文献对人们饮水行为背后的动机提供一个连贯的理解。水是人类健康和生存所必需的营养物质，但它是一个研究不足的领域。大多数研究都集中在饮用含糖饮料或酒精的动机上。由于SSB和酒精可能对个人的身心健康产生负面影响，饮酒习惯文献倾向于关注这些产品以及干预和预防其消费的方法。因此，在健康研究中，水是一个重要但研究不足的概念。由于缺乏对水动机的先前研究，因此采取定性方法进行本研究是合适的。对健康消费文献中定性研究的见解的回顾表明，了解某些食物或饮料来源的好处可以导致使用这些好处来告知动机的研究。在这样做的过程中，由于“自上而下”的调查设计方法，其他重要但不那么以健康为中心的动机可能会被忽略。通过使用定性方法，人们的水动机可以被告知理论和人们的生活经验。这项研究旨在探索饮水行为背后的动机，以及人们如何在记忆中代表饮用水。我将进行半结构化访谈，在此期间，参与者将被问及有关他们饮水行为的不同方面的问题。这些问题将涵盖以下主题，例如：他们的日常饮酒习惯（不包括酒精），他们喝水的情况以及他们可以喝水但喝别的东西的情况。本研究旨在对大约60人进行半结构化访谈。这个先验样本量是通过评估当前研究项目时间框架内可能的最大访谈次数来确定的。请注意，这个样本量是一个近似值，因为实际样本量只有在研究过程开始后才能确定。当数据/主题达到饱和（即没有新的和有意义的信息从采访中产生的点）时，数据收集将停止。研究人员将在整个数据收集期间定期会面，以评估饱和度并讨论是否需要进行更多的访谈。收集的数据将使用Braun & Clarke（2016）概述的主题分析进行分析。这一分析将根据基于批判现实主义方法的欲望理论进行。因此，分析将主要是演绎性质的，尽管也会发生归纳编码，以允许考虑任何异常情况。一名研究人员将负责最初的转录、编码和主题生成。一旦这个过程完成，两位研究人员将讨论主题概述的适当性，并将做出任何更改。这项研究将有助于为今后关于饮水行为的定量研究和促进用水的干预工作提供信息。

There is no existing literature that provides a cohesive understanding of the motivations that underlie people's water drinking behaviour. Water is essential nutrient for human health and survival and yet it is an understudied area. Most of the research is focused on the motivations for drinking sugar and sweetened beverages (SSB) or alcohol. Due to the possible negative physical and psychological health impacts SSB and alcohol can have on individuals, drinking habits literature tends to focus on these products and ways to intervene and prevent their consumption. Water is therefore an important but very understudied concept within health research. Due to lack of prior research on water motivation it is appropriate to take a qualitative approach to this study. A review of the insight that qualitative research has had in the healthy consumption literature illustrated that knowing the benefits of certain food or drinks sources can lead to researches using these benefits to inform motivations. In doing this, other important though less health centric motivations can be missed due to the 'top-down' approach to survey designs. By utilising a qualitative approach people's water motivation can be informed both theory and people's lived experience.This research aims to explore the motivations that underlie water drinking behaviours and how people represent drinking water within memory. I will conduct semi-structured interviews during which participants will be asked questions regarding different aspects of their water drinking behaviour. These questions will cover the following topics such as: their daily drinking habits (not including alcohol), situations in which they drink water and situations in which they could drink water but drink something else. This study will aim to conduct semi-structured interviews with approximately 60 people. This priori sample size was determined by assessing the maximum number of interviews possible within the current research project time frame. Note that this sample size is an approximation as actual sample size can only be determined once the research process has begun. Data collection will stop when data/thematic saturation is reached (i.e. the point where no new and meaningful information is being generated from interviews). Researchers will meet periodically throughout the data collection period in order to assess saturation and discuss whether more interviews need to be conducted. The data collected will be analysed using thematic analysis as outlined by Braun & Clarke (2016). This analysis will be informed by the grounded theory of desire in line with a critical realist approach. Due to this the analysis will be mainly deductive in nature, although inductive coding will also occur to allow for any deviant cases to be considered. One researcher will do the initial transcription, coding and theme generation. Once this process is complete two researchers will discuss the appropriateness of the themes outlined and any changes will be made. This research will help inform future quantitative research on water drinking behaviour and intervention efforts to promote water consumption.