Estrogen receptor activation in the CNS

描述（由申请人提供）：脑雌激素受体（er）和外周雌激素受体一样，可以被雌激素直接激活，也可能通过不依赖配体的激活间接激活。这种不依赖于配体的通路可能介导体液因子和来自环境的传入输入对含er神经元的影响。这项探索性/发展性拨款申请的目的是评估一种新的转基因小鼠品系的有效性，然后进一步开发一种新的转基因小鼠品系，即雌激素受体作用指示剂（ERIN）小鼠品系（具有转基因，在与β -半乳糖苷酶报告基因相连的启动子上含有雌激素反应元件），用于研究大脑中不依赖配体的雌激素受体激活。首先，神经元对雌二醇的转基因反应将使用免疫细胞化学技术在细胞群中进行表征，这是必不可少的第一步。然后将评估该小鼠菌株对配体非依赖性激活研究的有用性。本研究的长期目标是了解由神经递质和其他体液因子介导的来自环境的传入输入作用于神经元内质网以调节神经元生理和神经内分泌事件的细胞过程。在一些实验中，将ERIN小鼠与erα或erβ基因破坏的小鼠杂交，以评估每种ER亚型在对激素、神经递质和第二信使途径的转基因反应中的作用。这个申请是作为R21提交的，因为它的目的是探索使用一种高度创新的方法（ERIN小鼠）来研究一个新的领域，即大脑，并为该领域的其他工作开发这种新技术，并为未来重要的研究建立一个数据体。这项初步研究对于未来研究男性和女性大脑中内质网不依赖配体激活的分子后果至关重要，然后可以以前所未有的方式进行研究。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Brain estrogen receptors (ERs), like peripheral ERs, can be activated directly by estrogens, and presumably indirectly by ligand independent activation. The ligand independent pathway may mediate the effects of humoral factors and of afferent input derived from the environment on ER-containing neurons. The purpose of this Exploratory/Developmental grant application is to assess the usefulness of, and then further develop, a novel, transgenic, mouse strain, the ER action indicator (ERIN) strain of mice (which has a transgene, containing estrogen response elements on a promoter linked to a beta-galactosidase reporter gene) for studies of ligand independent activation of ERs in the brain. First the neuronal transgene response to estradiol will be characterized in populations of cells using an immunocytochemical technique, an essential first step. Then the usefulness of this mouse strain for studies of ligand-independent activation will be assessed. The long-range goal of this research is to understand the cellular processes by which afferent input from the environment, mediated by neurotransmitters and other humoral factors, act on neuronal ERs to modulate neuronal physiology and neuroendocrine events. In some experiments, ERIN mice crossed with strains of mice with ERalpha- or ERbeta-gene disruptions will be used to assess the role of each ER subtype in transgene responses to hormones, neurotransmitters, and second messenger pathways. This application is being submitted as an R21, because its purpose is to explore the use of a highly innovative approach (the ERIN mice) to a new area, the brain, and to develop this novel technology for additional work in this area, and to develop a body of data upon which significant future research may be built. This initial research is essential for future work on the molecular consequences of ligand independent activation of ERs in the brain of males and females, which can then be studied in an unprecedented way.