Martian volcanic systems: using surface strain indicators to investigate magmatically driven stress in the Tharis region, Mars

火星火山系统：使用表面应变指示器研究火星塔里斯地区岩浆驱动的应力

• 批准号: 2296241
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2296241
• 关键词: Martian; volcanic; systems; using; surface

This exciting project aims to decipher the geological history of Mars utilising the ample spacecraft data collected over the last decade. The novelty of the project lies in using the surface expressions of volcanic systems of Mars to infer the planet's inner workings through time. Scientific outcomes and technique development undertaken as part of the project will be not only important for our understanding of Mars, but also transferable to other planetary bodies - including Earth.Remote sensing of planets and moons across our solar system has provided us with a view of the topography and surface processes of these distant locations. For Mars, the available data is often both of a higher resolution and a far greater spatial extent than those we have for Earth, presenting unprecedented geological insight into the Red Planet. However, although these data allows for measurement and analysis of volcanic and tectonic structures on Mars, our understanding of the sub-surface processes and driving mechanisms for these structures is limited. We therefore look to analogous structures on Earth, of which we have a greater understanding, but we must also consider differences between both planets, such as lithospheric strength and thickness and variations in surface gravity (Kronberg et al. 2007, Musiol et al., 2016, Heap et al., 2017) that guide the driving mechanisms behind these systems. This study will focus on the ancient volcanic systems in the Tharsis region of Mars and the extensive systems of radial and circumferential grabens there (e.g. Ohman and Mc Govern, 2014). The aim of the study will be to map and quantify surface fault displacement across the region using high resolution remote-sensing data of the Martian surface: MOLA (Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter), CTX (Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter Context Camera) and HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) datasets. The associated strain will then be incorporated with appropriate ranges of surface gravity and lithospheric strength to produce potential models of historical volcanic behaviour. The utility of this process will be tested using equivalent Earth-based analogous data over volcanic zones in Iceland.You will work within the Planetary Exploration Group (PEG) here at Leeds and with Dr Paul Byrne at NCSU. In particular, according to your particular research interests, the studentship could involve:1. Analysis of fault systems on Mars, specifically around Alba Mons and other regions of the Tharsis Rise, using MOLA, CTX and HiRISE data to extract, map and compare fault displacement profiles at the different resolutions across the region. 2. Production of associated surface strain maps and use of available Elastic Dislocation (ED) modelling software to produce models of ED and predicted fault plane failure.3. Development of volcanic modelling processes to include surface fracture prediction via back analysis of measured surface fractures in the Tharsis region.4. Using a combination of strain measurements from available high-resolution LiDAR data and field work in Iceland to investigate and develop analogous volcanic system models on Earth and to further develop planetary volcanic system modelling processes in general.5. Utilising Martian meteorite samples to constrain surface material properties and behaviour, including the use of high-end microscopy at UoL as well as possible analysis at synchrotron facilities.

这个令人兴奋的项目旨在利用过去十年收集的大量航天器数据来破译火星的地质历史。该项目的新奇之处在于利用火星火山系统的表面表情来推断该行星随时间的内部运作。作为该项目的一部分进行的科学成果和技术开发不仅对我们了解火星很重要，而且还可以转移到其他行星体--包括地球。对整个太阳系的行星和卫星的遥感为我们提供了这些遥远地点的地形和表面过程的视图。对于火星，可用的数据往往比我们对地球的数据具有更高的分辨率和更大的空间范围，提供了对这颗红色星球前所未有的地质洞察。然而，尽管这些数据可以测量和分析火星上的火山和构造结构，但我们对这些结构的地下过程和驱动机制的了解有限。因此，我们期待着地球上类似的结构，我们对此有更多的了解，但我们还必须考虑两个行星之间的差异，例如岩石圈的强度和厚度以及表面重力的变化(Kronberg等人)。2007年，Musiol等人，2016，Heap等人，2017)，指导这些系统背后的驱动机制。这项研究将集中在火星Tharsis地区的古代火山系统以及那里广泛的径向和周向地块系统(例如，Ohman和Mc治理，2014)。这项研究的目的将是利用火星表面的高分辨率遥感数据：MOLA(火星轨道激光高度计)、CTX(火星侦察轨道背景相机)和HiRISE(高分辨率成像科学实验)数据集，绘制并量化整个区域的地表断层位移。然后将相关的应变与适当范围的地表重力和岩石圈强度结合在一起，以产生潜在的历史火山行为模型。这一过程的实用性将通过在冰岛火山带使用同等的地面模拟数据进行测试。你将在利兹的行星探索小组(PEG)工作，并与NCSU的保罗·伯恩博士一起工作。特别是，根据您的特定研究兴趣，该专业可能涉及：1.分析火星上的断层系统，特别是阿尔巴蒙斯山脉和塔西斯隆起的其他地区，使用MOLA、CTX和HiRISE数据来提取、绘制和比较该地区不同分辨率下的断层位移剖面。2.制作相关的表面应变图，并使用现有的弹性位错(ED)建模软件来生成ED的模型和预测的断层面破坏。开发火山模拟程序，通过对Tharsis地区测量的地表裂缝进行反分析来预测地表裂缝。利用现有高分辨率激光雷达数据的应变测量和冰岛的实地工作相结合，调查和开发地球上类似的火山系统模型，并进一步发展行星火山系统总体模拟过程。利用火星陨石样本来限制表面材料的特性和行为，包括在UOL使用高端显微镜，以及在同步加速器设施进行可能的分析。