NSFGEO-NERC: A general model for bubble nucleation and growth in volcanic systems

火山爆发是由岩浆中气泡的形成和增长驱动的。气泡形成的时间和气泡生长的速度控制着喷发的类型，并决定了喷发产物的性质。我们需要了解气泡的成核和生长，以应对火山学中的一个重大挑战：预测爆炸性喷发的开始、规模、持续时间和由此产生的危害。我们将进行新的实验，复制次火山管道系统内部的条件，并测量当我们改变这些条件时形成的气泡的特征。我们将利用这些结果创建气泡形成的新计算模型，并将这些模型与现有的气泡生长模型联系起来。这将创造一个通用的工具，使火山学界能够预测岩浆上升到地表时气泡形成的条件，以及气泡增长的速度。这些模型将帮助我们预测火山爆发时岩浆的行为，并解释喷发出来的物质。

Volcanic eruptions are driven by the formation and growth of bubbles in magma. The timing of bubble formation and the rate of bubble growth control the type of the eruption, and determine the nature of eruption products. We need to understand bubble nucleation and growth in order to meet one of the grand challenges in volcanology: forecasting the onset, size, duration, and resultant hazards of explosive eruptions. We will conduct new experiments that replicate the conditions inside the sub-volcanic plumbing system, and will measure the characteristics of the bubbles that form as we vary those conditions. We will use the results to create new computational models for bubble formation and link those to existing models for bubble growth. This will create a general tool that will allow the volcanology community to predict the conditions under which bubbles form in magma as it rises to the surface, and the rate at which the bubbles grow. These models will help us to predict how magma will behave during volcanic eruptions, and to interpret the materials that are erupted.