A Global Political Economy of the Latin American 'Pink Tide': Poverty, Inequality and Dependent Development in Argentina and Brazil

拉丁美洲“粉红浪潮”的全球政治经济学：阿根廷和巴西的贫困、不平等和依赖发展

• 批准号: 2306150
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2306150
• 关键词: Global; Political; Economy; Latin; American

My prospective project aims to examine the global politicaleconomy of the rise and fall of the so-called 'pink tide' inLatin America. First coined by Larry Rohter (2005), 'pink tide'refers to the surge of left-wing, non-communist,governments in most Latin American countries -includingVenezuela, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay,Ecuador, and Bolivia- started in the early 2000s and indecline since mid 2010s (Pereira Da Silva 2018). Left-wingparties in these countries, with their nuances anddifferences, were elected under the promise of departingfrom the neoliberal restructuring of the WashingtonConsensus imposed in the 1990s -which put the regionunder severe economic and social crisis- and with thesupport of wide-ranging social movements aiming to reducepoverty and economic inequality (ibid.). However, theirredistributive efforts, entailing both stronger regionalcooperation and major welfare programmes such as'Asignacion Universal Por Hijo' in Argentina or 'Bolsa Familia'in Brazil, have not met the expectations of part of theirconstituencies, paving the way for their decline and the riseof right-wing governments.While these themes are already covered in the scholarlyliterature (Panizza 2009; Webber 2017), this project aims toprovide the first comprehensive assessment of the globaleconomic determinants of the rise and fall of the 'pink tide',with specific reference to the two largest South Americancountries: Argentina and Brazil. The project starts frominvestigating how the reforms implemented in the 1990sintegrated Argentina and Brazil in the global economy andexamines whether this integration exacerbated theircondition of dependent development. The followingimbalanced growth, and associated increase in inequality,can then help us make sense of the social coalition electingleft-wing governments and their redistributive programmes.These are studied with reference to the both the discursiveconstruction of redistribution within an open global economyand the material effects of the policies implemented,especially with regarding poverty and inequality reduction,given their centrality in these governments' policy platforms.The project will then examine the perceived degree ofsuccess of these policies, in order to investigate whetherthey have contributed to the apparent breakdown of thesocial coalition of formal and informal workers on the onehand and sections of the middle classes, including small andmedium entrepreneurs. In sum, the hypothesis that thisproposed project aims to investigate is that the globaleconomic integration under the terms of the WashingtonConsensus inherently limited the transformative, and hencehegemonic, potential of the 'pink tide' governments inArgentina and Brazil, thus constraining their ability to deliveron their own redistributive promises.

我未来的项目旨在研究拉丁美洲所谓的“粉红潮”的兴起和衰落的全球政治经济。“粉红潮”最早由拉里·罗特（Larry Rohter，2005年）提出，指的是大多数拉美国家（包括委内瑞拉、阿根廷、巴西、智利、乌拉圭、巴拉圭、厄瓜多尔和玻利维亚）左翼非共产主义政府的崛起，始于21世纪初，自21世纪10年代中期以来逐渐衰落（佩雷拉·达席尔瓦，2018年）。这些国家的左翼政党，尽管存在细微差别和差异，但它们是在承诺脱离1990年代强加的华盛顿共识的新自由主义重组--这使该地区陷入严重的经济和社会危机--并得到旨在减少贫困和经济不平等的广泛社会运动的支持下当选的（同上）。然而，它们的再分配努力，包括更强的地区合作和重大的福利计划，如阿根廷的“为孩子而生的普遍计划”或巴西的“家庭补助计划”，并没有满足它们部分选民的期望，为它们的衰落和右翼政府的崛起铺平了道路。尽管这些主题已经在相关文献中有所涉及，但它们仍然没有得到足够的重视。（Panizza 2009; Webber 2017），该项目旨在提供对“粉红潮”兴衰的全球经济决定因素的第一次全面评估，特别是两个最大的南美国家：阿根廷和巴西。该项目从调查20世纪90年代实施的改革如何将阿根廷和巴西融入全球经济开始，并检查这种一体化是否加剧了他们的依赖性发展状况。接下来的不平衡增长，以及与之相关的不平等的增加，可以帮助我们理解选举左翼政府的社会联盟及其再分配计划。这些研究参考了开放的全球经济中再分配的话语结构和所实施政策的物质效果，特别是关于减少贫困和不平等的政策，鉴于这些政策在这些政府的政策纲领中的中心地位，本项目将审查这些政策的成功程度，以调查它们是否促成了正式和非正式工人以及中产阶级阶层的社会联盟的明显破裂，包括中小企业家。总而言之，本项目旨在研究的假设是，华盛顿共识下的全球经济一体化本质上限制了阿根廷和巴西“粉红潮”政府的变革潜力，从而限制了它们实现再分配承诺的能力。