Protests, Within Mandate Communication and Policy Outcomes

许多国家的公众抗议活动由来已久，然而，自大衰退以来，特别是在最近几年，我们观察到公民抗议活动的出现，如法国的“jilets Jaunes”或罗马尼亚的“争取正义游行”。这些抗议活动得到了研究人员的大量关注(参见Tarrow(2011)的评论)，但这项研究的大部分集中在抗议活动的原因上，或着眼于非民主或弱民主环境下的后果。我的研究目标将是研究公民发起的抗议活动如何影响选举和政策结果。因此，这项研究将试图使用正式的理论模型来回答以下问题：诸如抗议等任期内问责机制的可能性如何影响选举和政策结果？抗议活动如何在政客和选民之间产生和传递信息，这对政策结果有何影响？

Public protests have been occurring in a variety of countries for a long time, however since the Great Recession, and particularly in the last few years, we have observed an emergence of citizens' protests, such as the "Gilets Jaunes" in France or the "March for Justice" in Romania. These protests have received a significant amount of attention from researchers (see Tarrow (2011) for a review), but most of this research focussed on the causes of protests, or looked at their consequences in non-democratic or weak democracy settings. The goal of my research will be to study how citizen-started protests affect electoral and policy outcomes. This research will thus attempt to use formal theory models to answer the following questions:How does the possibility of within term accountability mechanisms, such as protests, affect electoral and policy outcomes? How do protests produce and transmit information between politicians and voters, and how does this affect the policy outcomes?