An exploration of the police investigative stage of rape cases from the perspectives police officers (12/21)

从警务人员的角度探讨强奸案件的警方侦查阶段 (12/21)

• 批准号: 2380972
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Bath
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2380972
• 关键词: exploration; police; investigative; stage; rape

Despite considerable contribution of research, policy reviews (Stern,2010; Angiolini,2015), reform attempts (eg 'Protecting the public', 2002; SOA, 2003; ACPO, 2010), and the introduction of specialist rape investigation units (Rumney et al,2019), the criminal justice (CJ) response to rape remains problematic. Juxtaposed with rises in police recorded cases (ONS: 2017/18/19), and support services struggling to meet demand (MOPAC,2019), figures indicate the stark reality that alongside a decrease in the number of suspects referred to the CPS for a charging decision, the proportion of cases prosecuted has fallen (CPS,2019). Thus, attrition in rape cases has endured, with little to counter concerns that rape in England and Wales is effectively 'decriminalized' (Gregory & Lees,1999; Dearden,2019), and even less to encourage victim-survivors to enter into the CJ process and remain on board. A key reason for attrition provided in the literature is myths about rape. The existence, endurance and influence of rape myths on judgements made by the general population (Grubb & Harrower,2008;2009; Grubb & Turner,2012), and their possible impact on police officers' classification, decision-making, case-processing (Hine & Murphy,2017; 2019; Murphy & Hine,2019), and courts (Smith & Skinner,2017), is well documented. Such myths, however, are only part of the problem; managerialism, created a performance culture within policing, focused on demonstrating outcomes (Angiolini,2015). Harnessing more support from victim-survivors may require greater focus on victim-centred care during investigations, rather than CJ outcomes. Whilst studies reviewing rape case-files (Hester, 2013; Hohl & Stanko, 2015), provide useful insight into attrition, data from official, disclosable records, captures neither police nor victim-survivor experiences of the process fully. This project aims to explore decision-making during investigations from the perspectives of police officers working within a rape investigation unit, contributing insight into an area engendering more quantitative inquiry. Its objectives are to understand: * police decision-making during police investigations of rape and the context within which they occur; * the extent to which, if at all, the wants/needs of victim-survivors are considered by police in the decision-making; * the ecological environment of police and factors impacting on case progression. This study will utilise an ecological approach to understand the interactive effects of personal, organisational and environmental influences, whereby construction of an individual's reality is a process informed by individuals and their community's/cultural pre-existing understanding of reality. The ecological model of Bronfenbrenner (1994), adapted by Hagemann-White et al (2010), develop this further with four nested layers: ontogenetic (individual), micro (eg peer group), meso (e.g. institutions such as the police), and macro (eg State and ideology), each of which impacts on individual perceptions. The research thus situates group interaction, the police institution, State, discourse and ideology as key influencers in individuals' decisions. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with 25 police officers working in a rape investigation unit in England, to understand their attitudes and experiences, explore perceptions of, and relationships with, victim-survivors, and their perceptions of the operational landscape. In addition, observations of officers working in a rape investigation unit, will occur over a 6-month period. A quantitative summary of case progression, will anchor the research within the wider context.

尽管研究、政策审查（Stern，2010; Angiolini，2015）、改革尝试（如“保护公众”，2002; SOA，2003; ACPO，2010）以及引入专业强奸调查单位（Rumney等人，2019）做出了相当大的贡献，但刑事司法（CJ）对强奸的反应仍然存在问题。与警方记录的案件增加（ONS：2017/18/19）和支持服务难以满足需求（MOPAC，2019）并列，数字表明了一个严峻的现实，即随着提交CPS进行指控决定的嫌疑人数量减少，起诉案件的比例下降（CPS，2019）。因此，在强奸案件的减员已经持续，几乎没有解决的问题，强奸在英格兰和威尔士是有效的“非刑罪化”（格雷戈里和李，1999;迪尔登，2019），甚至更少鼓励受害者幸存者进入CJ过程，并留在船上。文献中提供的减员的一个关键原因是关于强奸的神话。 强奸神话的存在、持续时间及其对普通民众判断的影响（Grubb & Harrower，2008;2009; Grubb & Turner，2012），以及它们对警官分类、决策、案件处理的可能影响（Hine & Murphy，2017; 2019; Murphy & Hine，2019）和法院（Smith & Skinner，2017）都有很好的记录。然而，这些神话只是问题的一部分;管理主义在警务中创造了一种绩效文化，专注于展示成果（Angiolini，2015）。利用受害者-幸存者的更多支持可能需要在调查期间更加注重以受害者为中心的护理，而不是CJ结果。 虽然研究审查强奸案档案（海丝特，2013; Hohl & Stanko，2015），提供了有用的洞察力，从官方的数据，可追溯的记录，既没有充分捕捉警察也没有受害者-幸存者的经历。该项目的目的是从在强奸调查股工作的警官的角度探讨调查期间的决策，从而有助于深入了解一个需要进行更多量化调查的领域。其目标是了解：* 警察在调查强奸案期间的决策以及强奸案发生的背景; * 警察在决策中考虑受害者-幸存者的愿望/需要的程度; * 警察的生态环境以及影响案件进展的因素。 这项研究将利用生态学的方法来理解个人，组织和环境影响的互动效果，从而构建个人的现实是一个过程，由个人和他们的社区/文化预先存在的现实理解。Bronfenbrenner（1994）的生态模型，由Hagemann-White et al（2010）改编，进一步发展了四个嵌套层：个体发生（个体），微观（如同龄人群体），中观（如警察等机构）和宏观（如国家和意识形态），每一个都影响个人的看法。因此，本研究将群体互动、警察机构、国家、话语和意识形态作为个人决策的关键影响因素。 半结构化的访谈将进行与25名警官在强奸调查单位在英格兰，以了解他们的态度和经验，探讨的看法，与受害者幸存者的关系，以及他们的看法的业务前景。此外，将在6个月内对强奸案调查股的警官进行观察。病例进展的定量总结将在更广泛的背景下锚研究。