Challenging and challenges of police responses to cuckooing

警方应对布谷鸟的挑战和挑战

• 批准号: 2885507
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2885507
• 关键词: Challenging; challenges; police; responses; cuckooing

The term cuckooing has emerged in the last decade, alongside county lines in academic literature and policing (Spicer, 2021; Coomber and Moyle, 2018; NCA, 2017). Cuckooing describes the process by which the home of a vulnerable person is taken over by another person for the purposes of crime, most often for drug dealing or storage but also for sex work, financial abuse or storage of other illicit goods. This project will focus on expanding the knowledge on the overlaps between victimisation and criminalisation in relation to cuckooing and how this is impacted by the police response to this activity. The vulnerability of the victim can arise in different ways-for example, because of drug dependency, participation in sex work, learning difficulties, disability or criminal history. Professionals working in law enforcement and social care anecdotally report difficulties engaging victims in investigations and prosecutions, often because of their reliance on the person exploiting them. This resistance can be regarded as complicity and thus creates barriers to successful prosecution. For some victims, once they have been encouraged to take part in offending, they feel unable to approach authorities for fear of criminalisation, losing housing and other networks of support. The barriers to supporting vulnerable adults can result in the most extreme outcomes, including murder (Cornwall Adult Protection Committee, 2007; BBC, 2022). Fatal cases have highlighted barriers including previous criminality and drug dependency, a lack of understanding of support frameworks, perceived complicity and failures of authorities to effectively communicate with and support victims with disabilities(ibid). Addressing these barriers is essential to prevent further such tragic situations and because failure to adequately investigate or to respond to cuckooing, in line with adult safeguarding duties (s.42 Care Act 2014) can result in legal action against local authorities, including the police, for failure to protect the right to life, the right to protection from inhumane or degrading treatment (Mandelstam, 2013). Existing research has focused on the techniques by which people engage victims including forming fake friendships and enticements followed by more severe forms of threats and coercion, and has largely concentrated on drug markets (Spicer, 2021, 2020; Harding, 2020; HM Government,2020; Coomber and Moyle, 2018). This research has underlined the complexities of the relationships between victims and perpetrators of cuckooing and the challenges that this presents to agencies charged with countering cuckooing.

在过去的十年里，布谷鸟一词出现在学术文献和警务中（斯派塞，2021; Coomber和Moyle，2018; NCA，2017）。布谷鸟行为描述了一个脆弱的人的家被另一个人以犯罪为目的接管的过程，最常见的是毒品交易或储存，但也包括性工作，经济滥用或储存其他非法物品。该项目将侧重于扩大对布谷鸟行为的定罪和定罪之间重叠的了解，以及警方对这一活动的反应如何影响这一点。受害者的脆弱性可能以不同的方式出现，例如，由于吸毒成瘾、参与性工作、学习困难、残疾或犯罪历史。在执法和社会关怀领域工作的专业人员据传闻称，在调查和起诉中难以让受害者参与，这往往是因为他们依赖于剥削他们的人。这种抵制可被视为共谋，从而为成功起诉制造了障碍。对于一些受害者来说，一旦他们被鼓励参与犯罪，他们就感到无法与当局联系，因为他们害怕被定罪，失去住房和其他支持网络。支持弱势成年人的障碍可能导致最极端的结果，包括谋杀（康沃尔成人保护委员会，2007年;英国广播公司，2022年）。致命案件凸显了障碍，包括以前的犯罪和药物依赖、对支助框架缺乏了解、被认为是同谋以及当局未能有效地与残疾受害者沟通和支助他们（同上）。解决这些障碍对于防止此类悲剧性情况的进一步发生至关重要，因为未能根据成人保护义务（2014年《护理法》第42条）对布谷鸟叫声进行充分调查或作出反应，可能导致对地方当局（包括警察）采取法律的行动，因为他们未能保护生命权、免受不人道或有辱人格待遇的权利（曼德尔邦，2013年）。现有的研究集中在人们吸引受害者的技术上，包括形成虚假的友谊和诱惑，然后是更严重的威胁和胁迫形式，并且主要集中在毒品市场上（斯派塞，2021，2020;哈丁，2020; HM政府，2020; Coomber和Moyle，2018）。这项研究强调了杜鹃鸟的受害者和肇事者之间关系的复杂性，以及这对负责打击杜鹃鸟的机构提出的挑战。