Mindfulness, Movement and Mood: Combining Mindfulness and Physical Activity to Prevent Mood Disorders in Young Adults

预防和早期治疗情绪障碍（如焦虑和抑郁）是世界卫生组织的首要任务之一（世卫组织，2013年）。它们对于防止情绪障碍对年轻人生活质量的长期影响至关重要（世卫组织，2012年）。研究表明，身体活动可以帮助缓解情绪障碍的症状，并且与心理治疗（如认知行为疗法）和药物治疗（如抗抑郁药物;听力等，2016; Wegner等人，2014）。然而，人们往往很难长时间从事体育活动-这对情绪障碍的人来说更难。一个很有希望的方法是练习正念。正念是一种冥想形式，专注于“集中注意力，有目的的，现在”（克雷斯韦尔，2017）。先前的一项研究表明，进行正念练习的人更愿意参加减肥的体育活动（施耐德等人，2019年）。这可能是因为正念有助于人们思考身体活动的方式-帮助他们看到好处，保持动力并更好地忍受短暂的不适（Forman等人，2018年）。因此，我的项目旨在开发一种定制的干预措施，将正念与身体活动相结合，以帮助预防年轻人的情绪障碍。具体而言，该项目旨在：了解心理干预如何影响身体活动的参与;开发和优化将正念练习与PA相结合的数字干预;开始在随机对照可行性试验中评估新的干预措施;探索干预措施对中介思维过程和行为的影响。一阶段将通过两种不同的方法建立知识基础。首先，我将回顾有关心理治疗在支持身体活动干预方面的作用的研究。与此同时，一组年轻人（通过与大学的学生服务合作招募）将咨询他们的需求和偏好。这一基础将确定干预措施的优先事项并指导其设计。第二阶段。将与巴斯大学的计算机科学专家合作开发一种新的数字干预措施。其特点将符合第一阶段制订的准则。例如，我们可能会创建一个移动的应用程序，提供个性化的身体活动目标，跟踪用户的活动，并提供量身定制的音频正念练习课程。与测试用户的访谈将建议改进干预措施。第三阶段。对干预措施的初步测试将探讨其可行性（如招募和参与率）及其对情绪障碍症状的影响。有情绪障碍风险的年轻人将通过与英格兰公共卫生部和大学学生服务部的B&内斯合作招募。干预参与者将获得活动监视器和开发的智能手机应用程序，并跟踪三个月。数据将通过智能手机和对用户的深入访谈进行真实的实时收集。总而言之，该项目承诺开发一种基于严格科学的有效的、用户定制的工具，有可能极大地有益于年轻人的心理健康。它有助于未来有影响力的工作，包括在全面随机对照试验及其传播中全面测试干预措施的有效性。

Prevention and early treatment of mood disorders (such as anxiety and depression) are one of World Health Organization's top priorities (WHO, 2013). They are crucial in protecting against the long-term effects of mood disorders to young people's quality of life (WHO, 2012). Research suggests that physical activity can help the symptoms of mood disorders, and is as effective as psychological treatments (such as cognitive behavioural therapy) and pharmacological treatments (such as antidepressant medicines; Hearing et al., 2016; Wegner et al., 2014). However, people often struggle to engage with physical activity for long periods of time - and this is even harder for people with mood disorders. One promising way to help this is by practising mindfulness. Mindfulness is a form of meditation that focuses on 'paying attention, on purpose, right now' (Creswell, 2017). A previous study showed that people who conducted mindfulness practice were more engaged with a physical activity programme for weight loss (Schneider et al., 2019). This could be because mindfulness helps the way people think about physical activity - helping them see the benefits, stay motivated and better tolerate the brief discomfort (Forman et al., 2018). Therefore, my project aims to develop a bespoke intervention that combines mindfulness with physical activity to help prevent mood disorders in young adults. Specifically, the project aims to: Understand how psychological interventions affect engagement in physical activity; Develop and optimise a digital intervention combining mindfulness practice with PA; Begin evaluating the new intervention in a randomised controlled feasibility trial; Explore the intervention's effects on intermediary thought processes and behaviour. Phase I. A knowledge foundation will be built through two separate methodologies. First, I will review research on the effects of psychological therapies in support of physical activity interventions. In parallel, a group of young adults (recruited through collaboration with University's Student Services) will be consulted about their needs and preferences. This foundation will determine the intervention's priorities and guide its design. Phase II. A new digital intervention will be developed in cooperation with computer science experts at the University of Bath. Its features will correspond to the guidelines developed in Phase I. For example, we may create a mobile application giving personalised physical activity goals, tracking users' activity and providing tailored audio mindfulness practice sessions. Interviews with test users will advise improvements to the intervention. Phase III. Initial testing of the intervention will explore its feasibility (such as recruitment and engagement rates) and its effects on mood disorder symptoms. Young adults at risk for mood disorders will be recruited through collaborations with B&NES division of Public Health England and University's Student Services. Intervention participants will be given activity monitors and the developed smartphone application and tracked for a period of three months. Data will be collected in real time via smartphones and through in-depth interviews with users. Altogether, the project promises to develop an effective, user-tailored tool based on rigorous science with the potential to greatly benefit young people's mental health. It lends itself to impactful future work, including comprehensively testing the intervention's effectiveness in a full-scale randomised controlled trial and its dissemination.