Investigating how different aspects of physical activity are associated with brain health throughout different life stages.

研究身体活动的不同方面如何与不同生命阶段的大脑健康相关。

• 批准号: 2396458
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2396458
• 关键词: Investigating; how; different; aspects; physical

Physical inactivity remains a principal cause of early morbidity and mortality globally [1-3]. The abundance of literature implicating physical inactivity in disease pathways has prompted introduction of physical activity prescribing in the UK to address this problem [4, 5]. Evidence is now mounting as to the positive impacts of physical activity on both cognition and psychological health [6-18]. Interventions have implicated physical activity as a means of reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms [19-23] and improving wellbeing [24-26]. Physical activity engagement has also been linked to the building of cognitive reserve which helps to delay the onset of cognitive decline in later life [9, 10, 14, 27-33], however, evidence regarding the directionality of this association remains under scrutiny [34]. Most evidence in the field is limited, relying on short follow-up windows, or using self-reported measures of physical activity, which limits the use of these findings. Furthermore, the means by which physical activity is accrued is known to be an important factor in moderating any observed psychological and cognitive benefits [26, 35]. Engagement in physical activity also shows significant variation between individuals [18, 36-38] with strong differences seen across the socioeconomic spectrum from an early age with lower engagement associated with childhood and adolescent obesity and possible links to worse lifelong physical and mental health [39-45]. Furthermore all aspects of physical activity including intensity, recreational and sports engagement appear to decrease throughout the life course [18] with significant drops at critical periods, which may therefore have consequences for cognition, mental health and wellbeing later in life [46-51]. Given the varied preferences, frequency, and intensity of physical activity engagement both within and between individuals across the life course, and the mounting evidence as to the consequences of different physical activity types for good brain health, study seeks to contribute to this field by:i) Investigating the nature and strength of the relationship between regular physical activity engagement and good cognitive and psychological outcomes using both objective and self-reported measures of physical activity across different periods of the life course, utilising the 1970 Birth Cohort [52] & British Regional Heart Study [53]. ii) Exploring the associations of different aspects of physical activity including the varying composition of 24-hour movement patterns on cognitive and psychological outcomes.

缺乏身体活动仍然是全球早期发病和死亡的主要原因[1-3]。大量文献暗示缺乏运动与疾病途径有关，这促使英国引入了运动处方来解决这一问题[4,5]。越来越多的证据表明，体育活动对认知和心理健康都有积极影响[6-18]。干预措施涉及身体活动作为减少焦虑和抑郁症状的手段[19-23]和改善幸福感[24-26]。参与体育活动也与认知储备的建立有关，这有助于延缓晚年认知衰退的发生[9,10,14,27 -33]，然而，关于这种联系的方向性的证据仍有待进一步研究。该领域的大多数证据都是有限的，依赖于短暂的随访窗口，或使用自我报告的身体活动测量，这限制了这些发现的使用。此外，体力活动积累的方式是调节任何观察到的心理和认知益处的重要因素[26,35]。参与体育活动也显示出个体之间的显著差异[18,36 -38]，在整个社会经济光谱中可以看到很大的差异，从早期开始，较低的体育活动与儿童和青少年肥胖有关，并可能与终身身心健康状况恶化有关[39-45]。此外，身体活动的所有方面，包括强度、娱乐和体育活动的参与，似乎在整个生命过程中都在下降，在关键时期下降明显，因此可能对以后生活中的认知、心理健康和福祉产生影响[46-51]。考虑到个体内部和个体之间在整个生命过程中对体育活动的偏好、频率和强度的不同，以及越来越多的证据表明，不同类型的体育活动对大脑健康的影响，i)利用1970年出生队列[52]和英国区域心脏研究[53]，利用生命过程中不同时期的客观和自我报告的体育活动测量，调查定期体育活动参与与良好认知和心理结果之间关系的性质和强度。ii)探索身体活动的不同方面，包括24小时运动模式的不同组成对认知和心理结果的影响。