Half caste and cast aside: the Eurasian experience in Singapore and Malaya at the end of empire

我的建议是调查，在第一次世界大战结束后的50年里，大英帝国这个关键地区的欧亚共同体如何适应帝国衰落，因为战争和民族主义战胜了旧的确定性。这个群体在新加坡和马来西亚的研究中基本上是缺席的，我对他们经历的探索将以从新加坡到印度的巨大领土新月为框架，其中包括荷兰自由民和葡萄牙混血人，英印人和英缅人。虽然这一时期的大英帝国在亚洲和亚洲民族主义、泛亚洲主义和反殖民主义斗争及其对它们的影响已引起人们的广泛关注，但对这些重要现象的新的阐释来自于对它们的欧亚经验的关注。我的研究将包括访问国家档案馆中的相关材料，例如来自东南亚的关于独立的意见书，关于欧亚“合作者”和志愿者的信件和报告。我将查阅大英图书馆收藏的欧亚期刊和报纸。我已经有了一个全面的工作知识和经验的研究，在这些档案从研究突出的新加坡人为Asad-ul Iqbal Al-Kaff，访问学者在ISEAS，新加坡。除了由欧亚共同体创建并为欧亚共同体创建的材料之外，考虑到作者和机构的目的和偏见，我将“反对”阅读官方文件。新加坡的东南亚协会、槟城欧亚协会和马六甲葡萄牙-欧亚协会的记录和文物是独特而重要的储存库：它们关于社会和体育俱乐部、学校和教堂、福利协会、报纸和期刊、工作和家庭生活的记录尚未得到充分利用。我将利用新加坡国家档案馆收藏的大量口述历史记录。将我的研究领域扩展到官方来源之外，考虑个人账户，大事记和回忆录，将导致比以往任何时候都更深刻地代表欧亚共同体。虽然我打算遵循一种经验主义和务实的方法，在我所发现的指导下，7/20格奥尔格·齐美尔、塞尔日·莫斯科维奇和迈克尔·曼的工作将被用作概念起点。曼恩的社会权力的四个来源，即意识形态、经济、军事和政治，可以用来划定欧亚共同体的代理和控制的界限。莫斯科维奇的社会表征理论，即形成并决定一个共同体如何自我对话的价值观、思想和实践体系，将为欧亚共同体的重建提供一个理论框架。与此同时，西美尔的陌生人社会类型，定位在内部和外部，归属和不归属，分享了欧亚不稳定的社会地位的模糊性。工作时间表第一年：文献综述和政治经济调查01/20-06/20;英国的研究，新加坡和马来西亚07/20-03/21 -我的国内承诺防止长时间出国，两次旅行将帮助我建立和发展必要的网络，我的研究。关于两次世界大战之间的几年和欧亚“意识”的出现的章节04/21-06/21和第二次世界大战及其后果的影响07/21-09/21;研究之前10/21-03/22。关于帝国撤退和欧亚“特权”的结束的章节04/22-06/22和欧亚人在帝国印度洋的种族秩序的更广泛的背景下07/22-09/22;介绍，结论，参考书目10/22-01/23。

My proposal is to investigate how, in the 50 years from the end of the First World War, the Eurasiancommunity in this key zone of the British Empire adapted in the face of imperial decline as old certaintieswere overcome by war and nationalism. This community is largely absent from studies of Singapore andMalaysia and my exploration of their experience will be framed by the great territorial crescent fromSingapore to India and which included Dutch Burghers and Portuguese Mesticos, Anglo-Indians andAnglo-Burmese. Whilst much attention has been paid to the British Empire in Asia and Asian nationalism,to Pan-Asianism and anti-colonial struggle, and the influences upon them in this period, new illuminationsof these crucial phenomena result from a focus on the Eurasian experience of them. That experience isnot commonly considered as it does not fit neatly into dichotomies of imperialism and anti-imperialism.My research will include accessing relevant material in the National Archives e.g. submissions from theSEA concerning independence, letters and reports on and from Eurasian 'collaborators' and volunteers. Iwill consult the collection of Eurasian periodicals and newspapers held in the British Library. I alreadyhave a thorough working knowledge and experience of research in these archives from researchingprominent Singaporeans for Asad-ul Iqbal Latif, Visiting Fellow at the ISEAS, Singapore. As well asmaterial created by and for the Eurasian community, I will read official documents 'against the grain',considering the purposes and prejudices of authors and agencies. The records and artefacts at the SEA in Singapore, the Penang Eurasian Association and the MalaccaPortuguese-Eurasian Association are unique and essential repositories: their records of social andsporting clubs, schools and churches, welfare associations, newspapers and periodicals, working andhome life, is one that has not been fully utilised. I will make use of the extensive oral history recordingsheld by the National Archive of Singapore. Expanding my field of research beyond official sources toconsider personal accounts, memorabilia and memoirs, will result in a deeper representation of theEurasian community than anything previously achieved. Although I intend to follow an empirical and pragmatic approach, guided by what I uncover, the work of7 / 20Georg Simmel, Serge Moscovici and Michael Mann will be used as conceptual starting points. Mann's foursources of social power, ideological, economic, military and political, can be used to delineate limits ofagency and control for the Eurasian community. Moscovici's theory of social representation, the systemof values, ideas and practices which form and determine how a community speaks to itself, will provide atheoretical framework for the reconstruction of the Eurasian community. Meanwhile Simmel's social typeof the stranger, positioned within and without, belonging and not belonging, shares the ambiguity of theEurasian's precarious social status.Schedule of work Year 1: Literature review and a political and economic survey 01/20-06/20; research in UK, Singapore andMalaysia 07/20-03/21 - my domestic commitments prevents a long absence abroad and two trips willhelp me build and develop essential networks for my research.Year 2: chapters on the interwar years and the emergence of a Eurasian 'consciousness' 04/21-06/21 andthe impact of World War II and its aftermath 07/21-09/21; research as before 10/21-03/22.Year 3: chapters on imperial retreat and the end of Eurasian 'privilege' 04/22-06/22 and Eurasians in thewider context of the racial order of an Imperial Indian Ocean 07/22-09/22; Introduction, Conclusion,Bibliography 10/22-01/23.