Interactions between impulsivity and cigarette smoking

冲动与吸烟之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 6802836
• 负责人: SUZANNE H MITCHELL
• 金额: $ 23.19万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-20 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6802836
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; decision making; drug abuse; drug withdrawal; human subject; impulsive behavior; nicotine; nicotine replacement; personality; questionnaires; smoking; smoking cessation; tobacco abuse

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One approach to reducing drug use and abuse is to identify factors that differentiate current users from nonusers (never-users and ex-users) and then to determine whether the factors in question are causally associated with the drug use. If they are causally related, this information may be used to identify at-risk populations, to develop targeted treatments or interventions and to understand how drug exposure impacts brain function. Impulsivity may be one of those factors. A growing body of literature indicates that drug users are more impulsive than nonusers, where impulsivity has been defined variously as a reduced ability to delay gratification or to inhibit behavior, heightened risk- and sensation-seeking, acting without weighing the consequences appropriately, etc. However, the direction of causality between impulsivity and drug use is unclear, and the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown. High levels of impulsivity might cause people to experiment with cigarettes, and then continue to use. Alternatively, the actions of nicotine might acutely or chronically increase impulsive decision-making. Indeed it is possible that both processes may be involved - heightened impulsivity precipitating smoking initiation, then doses of nicotine increasing impulsive decision-making, which in turn decreases the likelihood of successful quitting. The current proposal outlines 5 experiments that will address the relationship between impulsivity and several different aspects of drug use using cigarette smoking (nicotine) as the model of drug use under investigation. The first 3 studies examine the relationship between baseline measures of impulsivity and smoking cessation treatment outcomes (Study 1), the subjective aversiveness of short-term withdrawal and relief from withdrawal (Study 2), and the intensity of cigarette smoking (Study 3). These studies will result in a better understanding of how general behavioral traits (a.k.a. personality) can impact how drugs are used and how those traits influence their continued use. The final 2 studies examine how state measures of impulsivity, assessed using laboratory tasks to assess impulsive decision-making, are affected by abstinence from nicotine (Study 4) and increases in systemic nicotine in smokers and nonsmokers (Study 5). It is hoped that these studies will result in a better understanding of the factors impacting drug use and how drug use can impact decision-making.

描述（由申请人提供）：减少药物使用和滥用的一种方法是确定区分当前使用者和非使用者（从不使用者和前使用者）的因素，然后确定所讨论的因素是否与药物使用存在因果关系。 如果它们之间存在因果关系，这些信息可用于识别高危人群，制定有针对性的治疗或干预措施，并了解药物暴露如何影响大脑功能。冲动可能是这些因素之一。越来越多的文献表明，吸毒者比非吸毒者更冲动，其中冲动被不同地定义为延迟满足或抑制行为的能力降低、风险和感觉寻求增强、在没有适当权衡后果的情况下采取行动等。然而，冲动与吸毒之间的因果关系方向尚不清楚，这种关系背后的机制也不清楚。高度的冲动可能会导致人们尝试吸烟，然后继续使用。或者，尼古丁的作用可能会急剧或长期地增加冲动决策。事实上，这两个过程可能都参与其中——冲动性增强导致吸烟，然后尼古丁剂量增加冲动性决策，进而降低成功戒烟的可能性。 目前的提案概述了 5 个实验，这些实验将使用吸烟（尼古丁）作为正在研究的药物使用模型来解决冲动与药物使用的几个不同方面之间的关系。前 3 项研究考察了冲动性基线测量与戒烟治疗结果（研究 1）、短期戒断的主观厌恶感和戒断症状缓解（研究 2）以及吸烟强度（研究 3）之间的关系。这些研究将有助于更好地了解一般行为特征（又称个性）如何影响药物的使用方式以及这些特征如何影响药物的持续使用。最后两项研究探讨了国家对冲动性的测量（使用实验室任务评估冲动性决策）如何受到尼古丁戒断（研究 4）以及吸烟者和非吸烟者全身尼古丁增加（研究 5）的影响。希望这些研究能够更好地了解影响药物使用的因素以及药物使用如何影响决策。