Race Versus Culture: Vocal Aging in African Americans

种族与文化：非裔美国人的声音老化

• 批准号: 6743396
• 负责人: SUE ELLEN LINVILLE
• 金额: $ 7.25万
• 依托单位: MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-01-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6743396
• 关键词: African American; age difference; clinical research; culture; gender difference; human old age (65+); human subject; interview; larynx; racial /ethnic difference; socioeconomics; sociolinguistics; sound frequency; speech; voice; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To date, studies of the aged voice have focused overwhelmingly on European-American elderly speakers. Studies of the aged African-American voice are extremely limited. This situation is problematic for voice professionals, since racial/ethnic minorities comprise an increasingly large segment of the U.S. population and are likely to require treatment for voice quality disorders in greater numbers as the century progresses. In addition to racial differences, there are recognized cultural differences between African-Americans and European-Americans that affect the life experiences of the two groups. Sociocultural variables such as acculturation level, usage patterns of Black English, and socioeconomic status may impact any normative data obtained on the African-American voice and must be considered. This research project has three purposes. The primary purpose is to explore the effect of acculturation on speech and voice production in both young adult and elderly African-American speakers. In addition: (1) normative data will be obtained on the elderly African-American voice, controlling for variations in sociocultural background, physiological condition, and dialect usage; and (2) relationships will be assessed among selected acoustic measures of African-American speech/voice and measures of sociocultural status, physiological condition, dialect usage, and vocal performance. A sample of 128 young and elderly African- American men and women in two groups (high acculturation, low acculturation) will participate. Spoken sentences will be analyzed for mean F0, FS0D, F0 range (in semitones), consonant/vowel durations, stop closure interval, VOT, voiceless interval, and spirantization. Sustained vowel productions (/i/,/a/) will be analyzed for F0, F0SD, % jitter, % shimmer, pitch perturbation quotient, amplitude perturbation quotient, F1, F2, F3, and harmonics-to-noise ratio. Results will facilitate future comparisons of elderly African American and European American speakers who are matched on a variety of sociocultural measures.

描述（由申请人提供）：迄今为止，对老年人声音的研究绝大多数集中在欧美老年人的说话者身上。对老年非裔美国人声音的研究非常有限。这种情况对于语音专业人员来说是有问题的，因为种族/少数民族构成了美国人口的越来越大的部分，并且随着世纪的进展，可能需要治疗更多的语音质量障碍。除了种族差异，非裔美国人和欧裔美国人之间也存在着公认的文化差异，这些差异影响着这两个群体的生活经历。社会文化变量，如文化适应水平，黑人英语的使用模式和社会经济地位可能会影响任何规范性数据获得的非裔美国人的声音，必须加以考虑。这个研究项目有三个目的。本研究的主要目的是探讨文化适应对年轻人和老年非裔美国人言语和发声的影响。此外还有：（1）将获得关于老年非裔美国人声音的规范性数据，控制社会文化背景、生理条件和方言使用的变化;以及（2）将评估非裔美国人语音/声音的选定声学测量与社会文化地位、生理条件、方言使用和声乐表演的测量之间的关系。128名年轻和老年非裔美国男性和女性的样本分为两组（高文化适应，低文化适应）将参加。将分析口语句子的平均F0、FS 0 D、F0范围（半音）、辅音/元音持续时间、塞音关闭间隔、VOT、清音间隔和螺旋化。将针对F0、F0 SD、%抖动、%闪烁、音高扰动商、幅度扰动商、F1、F2、F3和谐波噪声比分析持续元音产生（/i/、/a/）。结果将有助于未来的比较老年非裔美国人和欧洲裔美国人的发言者谁是匹配的各种社会文化措施。