The Function of Metaphor in the Depictions of Disability in the Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls

希伯来圣经和死海古卷中残疾描述中隐喻的作用

• 批准号: 2433605
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2433605
• 关键词: Function; Metaphor; Depictions; Disability; Hebrew

Before modern medicine and technological advancements, impairments caused by vision or hearing loss, broken bones, or chronic illness would have largely gone untreated. Consequently, almost everyone in antiquity would have experienced some form of impairment within their lifetime (Garland 1995). Whetherimpairments are to be regarded as disabilities is determined by societal structures and perceptions (Oliver 1983); accounts of impairments in the Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) portray many impairments which are rectifiable in modern society as disabilities. For instance, in the DSS, shortsightedness,which is described as having 'dimmed eyes' (4QDb 5.iii.1), was considered a disability and resulted in partial social exclusion (Hempel 1998).This project will investigate references to disability in the Hebrew Bible and the DSS (Melcher et. al. 2018; Dorman 2007), focussing specifically on the function of metaphor in ancient constructions of disability. Metaphors are particularly ubiquitous in attempts to describe lived experiences that are difficult to articulate (Littlemore 2019), and often subconsciously reveal cultural perceptions. Therefore, I will analyse the literary and cultural function of metaphors in descriptions of disability in order to determine the role disability played in the thought world and social structures portrayed in these texts.I will examine the extent to which the meaning and function of these metaphors are shaped by their literary and/or historical contexts (Cameron et. al. 2009). For example, in the prophetic literature of the Hebrew Bible, disabilities such as deafness and blindness function pejoratively as metaphors for ignorance and disobedience (Isaiah 29.18; 42.18). In the DSS, hymnic texts extend the function of these metaphors: being 'free' of these same disabilities, both physically and metaphorically, is a precondition for membership of the Community (e.g. 4Q434 1.i.2-4).

在现代医学和技术进步之前，视力或听力损失，骨折或慢性疾病造成的损害在很大程度上不会得到治疗。因此，古代几乎每个人在有生之年都会经历某种形式的损伤（加兰，1995）。是否将缺陷视为残疾取决于社会结构和观念（奥利弗，1983年）;《希伯来圣经》和《死海古卷》中对缺陷的描述将许多在现代社会中可以矫正的缺陷描绘为残疾。例如，在DSS中，近视被描述为“眼睛变暗”（4 QDb 5.iii.1），被认为是一种残疾，并导致部分社会排斥（Hempel 1998）。2018年;多尔曼2007年），特别关注隐喻在古代残疾结构中的作用。隐喻在试图描述难以表达的生活经历时特别普遍（Littlemore 2019），并且经常下意识地揭示文化感知。因此，我将分析隐喻在描述残疾中的文学和文化功能，以确定残疾在这些文本中描绘的思想世界和社会结构中所扮演的角色。我将考察这些隐喻的意义和功能在多大程度上受到其文学和/或历史背景的塑造（卡梅隆等）。2009）。例如，在希伯来圣经的预言文献中，耳聋和失明等残疾被贬为无知和不顺服的隐喻（以赛亚书29：18; 42：18）。在DSS中，赞美诗文本扩展了这些隐喻的功能：无论是身体上还是隐喻上，“摆脱”这些相同的残疾是社区成员的先决条件（例如4 Q434 1.i.2-4）。