Real-time Examination of Childhood Language Impairment

描述(由申请人提供)：大多数儿童有特定的语言 损害(SLI)有接受性和表现性的混合缺陷。即使是对于 儿童的障碍似乎仅限于表达，理解状态 仍然存在疑问，因为所使用的测试不够敏感，并且 因为它们很少告诉我们最终导致正确的过程 或不正确的端点理解响应。之前的调查 SLI在很大程度上依赖于自发或引发的生产数据，以及 少量的离线理解任务。这些任务揭示的信息很少 实时处理的本质和组件过程的时间进程 潜在的理解。这些过程只能通过详细的描述才能理解， 一时每刻，信息集成的时间进程 在语言理解过程中的位置。这个项目的目标是研究 系统性红斑狼疮儿童在线词汇加工的特点。一系列的在线信息 实验分为四组。实验A组寻址单词 通过检查SLI儿童如何(以及是否)解决分段来进行识别 模棱两可。实验B组处理心理组织问题 SLI儿童词汇通达、语义和词汇的研究 语音启动。实验C组探索词汇信息是如何 集成到语法级别的处理中，重点关注 动词(论元结构和主题角色)与封闭式的加工 虚词及其在句子处理中的整合。试验组 D考察了词汇加工与在线作业的交互作用。 从先行词到回指词，以及随着先行词的建立 另一方面，移动短语与它们的痕迹之间的关系(如 对象相关结构)。在所有的实验系列中，操纵 时间速率、处理负荷和韵律显著程度将产生收敛 关于加工缺陷性质的证据。患有SLI的儿童将会是 比较两组儿童语言发展的典型情况：儿童 年龄相匹配，儿童理解力相匹配 超能力。数据应该提供证据，以阐明SLI的性质 并提出了评估和干预这种疾病的新方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Most children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) have mixed receptive and expressive deficits. Even for the children whose impairment appears limited to expression, comprehension status remains in doubt because the tests employed are not sufficiently sensitive and because they tell us little about the processes that ultimately lead to correct or to incorrect endpoint comprehension responses. Previous investigations of SLI have largely relied on spontaneous or elicited production data and on a small number of off-line comprehension tasks. These tasks reveal little about the nature of real time processing and the time course of component processes underlying comprehension. These processes can only be understood by detailing, moment-by-moment, the temporal course of information integration as it takes place during language comprehension. The goal of this project is to examine the nature of on-line lexical processing in children with SLI. A series of on-line experiments are organized into four Groups. Experiment Group A addresses word recognition by examining how (and whether) SLI children resolve segmentation ambiguities. Experiment Group B addresses the organization of the mental lexicon in SLI children by examining lexical access and semantic and phonological priming. Experiment Group C explores how lexical information is integrated into processing at the syntactic level, focusing on properties of verbs (argument structure and thematic roles) and on processing of closed-class function words and their integration into sentence processing. Experiment Group D examines the interaction of lexical processing with the on-line assignment of antecedents to anaphors on the one hand, and with the establishment of relations between moved phrases and their traces on the other hand (as in object relative constructions). In all the experiment series, manipulations of temporal rate, processing load, and prosodic saliency will yield converging evidence regarding the nature of processing deficits. Children with SLI will be compared with two groups of children developing language typically: children matched for chronological age, and children matched for comprehension abilities. The data should yield evidence that will elucidate the nature of SLI and suggest new approaches to assessment and intervention for this disorder.