Real-time Examination of Childhood Language Impairment

儿童语言障碍的实时检查

• 批准号: 6937813
• 负责人: RICHARD G SCHWARTZ
• 金额: $ 29.23万
• 依托单位: CUNY GRADUATE SCH AND UNIV CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6937813
• 关键词: auditory stimulus; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; comprehension; computer human interaction; human subject; language disorders; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; online computer; phonology; preschool child (1-5); psycholinguistics; semantics; statistics /biometry; syntax; time resolved data; verbal behavior; visual stimulus; vocabulary

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Most children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) have mixed receptive and expressive deficits. Even for the children whose impairment appears limited to expression, comprehension status remains in doubt because the tests employed are not sufficiently sensitive and because they tell us little about the processes that ultimately lead to correct or to incorrect endpoint comprehension responses. Previous investigations of SLI have largely relied on spontaneous or elicited production data and on a small number of off-line comprehension tasks. These tasks reveal little about the nature of real time processing and the time course of component processes underlying comprehension. These processes can only be understood by detailing, moment-by-moment, the temporal course of information integration as it takes place during language comprehension. The goal of this project is to examine the nature of on-line lexical processing in children with SLI. A series of on-line experiments are organized into four Groups. Experiment Group A addresses word recognition by examining how (and whether) SLI children resolve segmentation ambiguities. Experiment Group B addresses the organization of the mental lexicon in SLI children by examining lexical access and semantic and phonological priming. Experiment Group C explores how lexical information is integrated into processing at the syntactic level, focusing on properties of verbs (argument structure and thematic roles) and on processing of closed-class function words and their integration into sentence processing. Experiment Group D examines the interaction of lexical processing with the on-line assignment of antecedents to anaphors on the one hand, and with the establishment of relations between moved phrases and their traces on the other hand (as in object relative constructions). In all the experiment series, manipulations of temporal rate, processing load, and prosodic saliency will yield converging evidence regarding the nature of processing deficits. Children with SLI will be compared with two groups of children developing language typically: children matched for chronological age, and children matched for comprehension abilities. The data should yield evidence that will elucidate the nature of SLI and suggest new approaches to assessment and intervention for this disorder.

描述（由申请人提供）：大多数有特定语言的儿童 SLI具有混合的接受和表达缺陷。即使对于 表现出仅限于表达、理解状态障碍的儿童 仍然存在疑问，因为所采用的测试不够敏感， 因为它们几乎没有告诉我们， 或不正确的端点理解响应。以前的调查 SLI在很大程度上依赖于自发或诱发的生产数据， 少量的离线理解任务。这些任务几乎没有揭示 真实的时间加工的性质和组成加工的时间过程 潜在的理解。这些过程只能通过细节来理解， 每时每刻，信息整合的时间过程， 在语言理解过程中。本项目的目标是检查 SLI儿童在线词汇加工的性质。一系列在线 实验分为四组。实验组A地址词 通过检查SLI儿童如何（以及是否）解决分割来识别 模棱两可实验组B讨论的是心理的组织 词汇在SLI儿童通过检查词汇访问和语义和 语音启动实验组C探讨词汇信息是如何 整合到处理在句法层面上，侧重于属性 动词（论元结构和主位角色）和封闭类的加工 虚词及其在句子加工中的整合。实验组 D考察了词汇加工与在线分配的相互作用， 一方面是前指语，另一方面是 另一方面，移动短语和它们的痕迹之间的关系（如在 对象相关结构）。在所有的实验系列中， 时间速率、处理负荷和韵律显著性将产生收敛 关于加工缺陷性质的证据。患有SLI的儿童将 与两组儿童相比， 年龄匹配，理解能力匹配 能力.这些数据应该能提供证据来阐明SLI的性质 并提出了评估和干预这种疾病的新方法。