Learning lessons: Informing suicide prevention from a documentary analysis of Child Practice Reviews (CPRs) and Adult Practice Reviews (APRs)

儿童实践审查（CPR）和成人实践审查（APR）发生在一个严重的事件，最常见的是死亡，发生在弱势儿童或成人身上（威尔士政府2016 a; 2016 b）。它们提供了如何从具体案例中吸取经验教训以指导实践的见解，主要是为了减轻未来的事件（Sidebotham等人2016）。到目前为止，还没有全面的尝试系统地审查所有的CPR和APR，其中可能发生自杀死亡。因此，这个项目将利用这些宝贵的数据来源，并探讨如何更好地提供服务，以保护有自杀风险的弱势群体。本研究拟解决的问题如下：1.易受伤害的成人和儿童自杀前的心理社会环境通常是什么？2.这些情况如何因人口统计学（年龄，性别等）而有所不同？自杀未遂的人的死亡率3.为了减少未来易受伤害儿童和成人的自杀事件，可以向服务提供者提出什么建议？为了探讨研究问题，将采用文献分析方法，对2013-2020年所有可能发生自杀死亡的APR和CPR进行系统回顾。将进行内容分析，将信息组织成广泛的类别，然后进行深入的主题分析，在此期间，将进行编码和类别建设，以揭示新出现的主题（Bowen 2009）。为了研究研究问题3，将使用先前的APR和CPR研究中建立的主题代码作为参考点（罗宾逊等人，2018; Rees等人，2019）。这些数据将通过批判现实主义的哲学透镜进行分析。这将涉及“回溯”推理的应用，使用理论和文献数据的观察结果的整合，对弱势个体的自杀风险和自杀模式进行上下文推断（Archer et al. 2009; May 2011）。实践审查的样本将从国家独立保障委员会获得。研究将遵守卡迪夫大学社会研究伦理委员会的指导方针，由于数据的敏感性，将特别考虑匿名和数据存储。

Child Practice Reviews (CPRs) and Adult Practice Reviews (APRs) take place where a seriousincident, most commonly a death, has occurred for a vulnerable child or adult (WelshGovernment 2016a; 2016b). They provide insights into how lessons can be learnt fromspecific cases to inform practice, primarily with a view to mitigating future incidents(Sidebotham et al. 2016). To date, there has been no comprehensive attempt tosystematically review all CPRs and APRs where a probable suicide death has occurred.Therefore, this project will utilise these valuable sources of data and explore how services canbe better informed to protect vulnerable people at risk of suicide. The research questions tobe addressed in this project are as follows:1. What psychosocial circumstances commonly precede suicides of vulnerable adults andchildren?2. How do these circumstances differ by demographic (age, gender etc.) of vulnerableindividual who has completed suicide?3. What recommendations can be made to service providers with a view to mitigatefuture incidents of suicide in vulnerable children and adults?To investigate the research questions, documentary analysis will be employed to conduct asystematic review of all APRs and CPRs from 2013-2020 where a probable suicide death hasoccurred. Content analysis will be conducted to organise the information into broadcategories, followed by an in depth thematic analysis, during which coding and categoryconstruction will be undertaken to uncover the emergent themes (Bowen 2009). Toinvestigate research question 3, thematic codes established in previous research of APRs andCPRs will be used as a reference point (Robinson et al. 2018; Rees et al. 2019). The data willbe analysed through the philosophical lens of critical realism. This will involve the applicationof 'retroductive' reasoning, using the integration of theory and observations from thedocumentary data to make contextual inferences about patterns of suicide risk and causalityin vulnerable individuals (Archer et al. 2009; May 2011). The sample of practice reviews willbe obtained from the National Independent Safeguarding Board. The research will abide bythe guidelines of the Cardiff University Social Research Ethics Committee and due to thesensitivity of the data, particular consideration will be given to anonymity and data storage.