Pharmaceuticals in agriculture - Assessing the impacts of wastewater and irrigation on crop production and soil health

在全球范围内，大量药物用于人类和动物治疗。这些物质通过动物排泄物、粪肥或用作肥料的污水污泥以及废水灌溉直接释放到农业土壤中。农业土壤中存在的这些化合物已被证明会影响微生物群落、土壤中的抗菌素耐药性、土壤功能和作物生产。然而，这一证据基础在很大程度上仅限于一小部分用于人类和兽医的药物。此外，废水灌溉可能导致慢性药物暴露，由于夏季干旱的增加，这种情况今后可能进一步增加。（单一和混合）产生的灌溉与处理废水1）土壤过程，包括温室气体排放，基础微生物群落，AMR和土壤化学，以及2）作物发育，产量和质量。这个跨学科的项目将涉及实地和实验室为基础的实验，使用最先进的技术和方法，以揭示通过用处理后的废水灌溉农业土壤对土壤微生物群落，土壤功能，AMR和作物产量的非预期影响。您将成为经验丰富的，约克大学和生态与水文中心的一个充满活力和互补的研究小组（沃林福德），谁是在生态系统，AMR，微生物生态学，温室气体通量和土壤功能研究的药物的命运和影响的研究前沿。这个学生奖学金将为您提供实验设计，现场和实验室实验，微生物方法，温室气体通量测量，土壤和植物分析，以及在会议期间传播您的实验结果。

Large amounts of pharmaceuticals are used globally for human and animal treatment. These substances are released to agricultural soils directly through animal excreta, via manure orsewage sludge when applied as fertiliser, and by irrigation of wastewater. Their presence in agricultural soils have been shown to affect microbial communities, antimicrobial resistance(AMR) in soils, soil function and crop production.However, this evidence base is largely limited to a small proportion of the pharmaceuticals used in human and veterinary medicine. Moreover, wastewater irrigation may result in chronic pharmaceutical exposure, which is likely to further increase in future due to increased summer droughts.This project aims to assess the implications of long-term exposure of agricultural soils to a wide range of pharmaceuticals (single and in mixtures) resulting from irrigation with treatedwastewater for 1) soil processes including greenhouse gas emissions, the underpinning microbial communities, AMR and soil chemistry, and 2) crop development, yield and quality.This interdisciplinary project will involve field and lab-based experiments using state-of-heart techniques and approaches to unravel the effects of the unintended impacts ofpharmaceuticals introduced to agricultural soils by irrigation with treated wastewater on soil microbial communities, soil function, AMR and crop yields.You will be part of an experienced, dynamic and complementary research team at the University of York and the Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (Wallingford), who are at theforefront of research on the fate and effects of pharmaceuticals in ecosystems, AMR, microbial ecology, and greenhouse gas flux and soil function research.This studentship will provide you with excellent training and guidance in experimental design, field and lab experiments, microbial approaches, greenhouse gas fluxmeasurements, soil and plant analyses, and dissemination of your experimental results during meetings and conferences.