MEMS Sensors for Arrhythmia Detection and Interventions

用于心律失常检测和干预的 MEMS 传感器

• 批准号: 6796515
• 负责人: Robert F Gilmour
• 金额: $ 44.79万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-15 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6796515
• 关键词: biomedical equipment development; biosensor device; computer simulation; dogs; heart disorder diagnosis; heart electrical activity; heart function; microelectrodes; molecular probes; nanomedicine; nanotechnology; sudden cardiac death; swine; tachycardia; ventricular fibrillation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite decades of intensive investigation, sudden death secondary to ventricular fibrillation (VF) remains a leading cause of mortality in the US and other developed countries. Recently, several promising hypotheses regarding the mechanism for VF have been introduced. However, it has not been possible using currently available experimental techniques to determine which theory (or theories) is most applicable to VF. To address this issue, we propose to: 1) construct a cardiac mapping system from nanofabricated components that is capable of assessing cardiac activation and repolarization with high spatial and temporal resolution and with minimal tissue damage; 2) use a novel phase mapping technique to analyze the mapping data, with the objective of identifying the location and number of phase singularities during sinus rhythm, ventricular tachycardia and VF; 3) use the phase singularity data to distinguish between three putative mechanisms for VF - an anchored rotor with fibrillatory conduction, a meandering rotor or multiple rotors. MEMs technology will be used to construct microscale mechanical needle-like structures with integrated electrodes that are ultrasonically activated, to minimize tissue damage during insertion. The electrode arrays will be used to map activation and repolarization in canine ventricular myocardium in vitro and in normal and acutely ischemic pig hearts in situ during fixed pacing and during VF. The mapping data will be analyzed using a fast Fourier-demodulation technique to identify singularities and wave vectors during VF. Computer models of 2- and 3-D myocardium also will be used to generate surrogate data sets for testing the analysis algorithms. The results of this study will lead to significant advances in three key areas: development of devices to map cardiac electrical activity with unprecedented spatial resolution; application of newer and more sophisticated techniques to analyze large mapping data sets; interpretation of high resolution mapping data within the context of novel hypotheses regarding the genesis of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Taken together, these advances in data acquisition, analysis and interpretation are expected to lead to new and more effective means of identifying and treating patients at risk for the development of lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管经过数十年的深入研究，室颤（VF）继发的猝死仍然是美国和其他发达国家死亡的主要原因。最近，一些关于心室颤动机制的有前景的假设被提出。然而，使用当前可用的实验技术还不可能确定哪种理论（或多个理论）最适用于室颤。为了解决这个问题，我们建议：1）用纳米制造的组件构建心脏测绘系统，该系统能够以高空间和时间分辨率以及最小的组织损伤来评估心脏激活和复极； 2）使用新颖的相位映射技术来分析映射数据，目的是识别窦性心律、室性心动过速和心室颤动期间相位奇点的位置和数量； 3) 使用相位奇点数据来区分三种假定的 VF 机制 - 具有纤颤传导的锚定转子、曲折转子或多转子。 MEM 技术将用于构建带有超声波激活集成电极的微型机械针状结构，以最大限度地减少插入过程中的组织损伤。电极阵列将用于在固定起搏和室颤期间绘制体外犬心室心肌以及原位正常和急性缺血猪心脏的激活和复极化图。将使用快速傅立叶解调技术来分析测绘数据，以识别 VF 期间的奇点和波矢量。 2 维和 3 维心肌的计算机模型也将用于生成用于测试分析算法的替代数据集。这项研究的结果将在三个关键领域带来重大进展：开发以前所未有的空间分辨率绘制心电活动图的设备；应用更新、更复杂的技术来分析大型测绘数据集；在有关室性心动过速和颤动起源的新假设的背景下解释高分辨率绘图数据。总而言之，数据采集、分析和解释方面的这些进步预计将带来新的、更有效的方法来识别和治疗有致命性室性快速心律失常风险的患者。