Number Concepts and Automaticity

描述（由申请人提供）：美国的数学表现明显落后于许多其他国家，也没有达到我们国家教育领导人的期望。这个项目，数字概念和自动性，旨在针对数学失败的可预测因素，并提供正确的指导和实践，以克服使用计算机软件工具的缺陷。它是基于小学生数学教育的领先研究。该项目将专注于为儿童开发数学模型，将软管模型带入工作记忆，并通过加法和减法问题建立自动性。在该项目中创建的软件工具包括一个数字概念生成器，将虚拟操作绑定到其数值，一个自动生成器，将帮助学生提高他们从可检索记忆中回忆概念的能力，以及一个评估模块，将衡量学生的进步。第一阶段的可行性研究将涉及二年级学生。一个小型的形成性现场测试将指导软件工具原型开发的最早阶段。完成的原型将被引入学校教室，作为标准数感课程的一部分。学生将参加一个对照实验编织到他们的标准课堂活动。身体残疾的学生将参加单一主题的研究，以指导产品的可访问性。本研究将寻求证明该软件可以准确测量个别学生表现的自动性，并验证该软件可用于提高自动性。这项研究还将试图揭示身体残疾的学生的自动性，这些学生由于他们的损伤而反应缓慢。第二阶段及以后的未来工作将包括整个K-5年级和数学课程更多领域的学生的需求。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mathematical performance in the United States is significantly falling behind that of many other countries and failing the expectations of our nation's education leaders. This project, Number Concepts and Automaticity, is designed to target predictable factors in mathematical failure and provide the right guidance and practice to overcome deficiencies using a computer software tool. It is based on leading research in math education for elementary students. The project will focus on developing mathematical models for children, bringing hose models into working memory, and building automaticity with addition and subtraction problems. The software tool created in the project comprises a Number Concept Builder that will tie virtual manipulatives to their numeric values, an Automaticity Builder that will help students increase their ability to recall concepts from retrievable memory, and an Assessment Module that will measure student progress. The Phase I feasibility study will involve 2nd grade students. A small formative field test will guide the software tool prototype development in its earliest stages. The completed prototype will be introduced into school classrooms as part of the standard number sense curriculum. Students will participate in a controlled experiment woven into their standard classroom activities. Students with physical disabilities will engage in a single subject study to guide product accessibility. This study will seek to prove that the software can accurately measure automaticity in individual students' performance and will verify that the software can be used to increase automaticity. The study will also attempt to reveal automaticity for students with physical disabilities who have slow response times due to their impairments. Future work in Phase II and beyond will include the needs of students in throughout grades K-5 and across more areas of the math curriculum.