Psychophysics of Reading--Normal and Low Vision

阅读的心理物理学——正常和低视力

• 批准号: 6912719
• 负责人: GORDON E LEGGE
• 金额: $ 32.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-09-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6912719
• 关键词: adult human (21+); age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); clinical research; form /pattern perception; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; motion perception; neural plasticity; psychophysics; reading; rehabilitation; sequential perception; space perception; touch; training; vision aid; vision disorders; visual cortex; visual fields; visual perception; visual photosensitivity; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There are more than 3.5 million Americans with low vision, most of whom have reading difficulties. The primary purpose of this proposal is to evaluate the importance of perceptual training and plasticity of the visual system to reading rehabilitation, particularly for people with macular degeneration.Our research indicates that decrease in the size of the visual span is a key factor explaining reduced reading speed in low vision. The visual span is the number of letters that are identified in a single glance during reading. We have found that perceptual training in normal peripheral vision can enlarge the visual span with a corresponding increase in reading speed. In a series of psychophysical studies, we will assess the relevance of this finding for rehabilitation in young and old subjects with normal and low vision. We will also ask how spatial attention and positional signals influence the size of the visual span.The potential for vision rehabilitation depends on the plasticity of the visual brain following eye disease. In a series of fMRI experiments, we will study low-vision subjects to 1) evaluate changes in retinotopic mapping in the visual cortex, and 2) ask whether visual cortex participates in tactile perception.In a third series, we will conduct secondary analyses on two large sets of well-characterized low-vision reading data (MNREAD) test), from cataract and macular-degeneration patients. We will use these data to 1) analyze the relationships between properties of reading vision and clinical measures of visual impairment; 2) develop a new reading ability scale for quantifying overall reading capacity, and 3) analyze the relationship between reading ability and important non-visual factors including cognitive status and mental-health status.

描述（由申请人提供）：有超过350万美国人视力低下，其中大多数有阅读困难。本研究的主要目的是评估视觉系统的知觉训练和可塑性对阅读康复的重要性，特别是对黄斑变性患者。我们的研究表明，视觉广度的大小减少是解释低视力患者阅读速度降低的关键因素。视觉广度是指在阅读过程中，一次扫视所识别的字母数量。我们发现，在正常周边视觉的知觉训练可以扩大视觉广度，相应地增加阅读速度。在一系列的心理物理学研究中，我们将评估这一发现与正常和低视力的年轻和老年受试者康复的相关性。我们还将探讨空间注意力和位置信号如何影响视觉广度的大小。视力康复的潜力取决于眼疾后视觉大脑的可塑性。在一系列的功能磁共振成像实验中，我们将研究低视力受试者，以1）评估视觉皮层视网膜定位图的变化，2）询问视觉皮层是否参与触觉感知。在第三个系列中，我们将对两个大的低视力阅读数据集（MNREAD）进行二次分析，这些数据集来自白内障和黄斑变性患者。我们将使用这些数据来1）分析阅读视觉特性与视觉障碍临床测量之间的关系; 2）开发一种新的阅读能力量表来量化整体阅读能力; 3）分析阅读能力与重要的非视觉因素（包括认知状态和心理健康状态）之间的关系。