Gas purification technologies

气体净化技术

• 批准号: 2442987
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2442987
• 关键词: Gas; purification; technologies

"Biomethane is obtained from the purification, or upgrading, of biogas, a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Biomethane is considered a carbon-neutral energy source that makes use of waste to produce energy that can be injected into natural gas grids and also used as clean vehicle fuel. Current upgrading technologies, although established and mature, present a relatively high environmental and energetic cost, devaluing the carbon-neutrality of the biomethane production process. The aim of this project is to develop materials for the purification of gas streams, with application in biogas upgrading. By developing efficient, sustainable and economic alternatives to the highly energy and chemical intensive multi-step operations currently in place we hope to contribute to the decrease of the GHG emissions of these purification operations.The research will focus on strategies to gas purification issues in a comprehensive way with a variety of absorbents such as liquids, polymers and membranes. The objective is to design, produce, and evaluate these new materials to selectively scrub impurities, based for example in ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), molten salts (MS), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and supramolecular materials such as cyclodextrins (CD). The materials will be tested as bulk liquid absorbents, supported or solid absorbents (to be applied in chemical looping scenarios) or as supported-liquid membranes.This will involve a combination of organic and polymer synthesis techniques, combined with characterisation by NMR and mass spectroscopy, TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), GC (gas chromatography), powder and single crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction. Gas purification ability and efficiency of new materials will be performed by headspace gas chromatography and by a multifunctional gas-liquid equilibria equipment designed by the research group.The multifunctional gas system allows for the determination of gas solubility and selectivity under real conditions (pressures up to 5 bar, wide temperature range and mixed gas streams). The gases are added to a gas mixing chamber and the exact composition is determined by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC via a GC vial adaptor). After equilibration with the liquid absorbents (in the equilibrium chamber) the headspace is again sampled to determine the composition change of the gas mixture. The temperature and pressure of the system are closely monitored by pressure transmitters. With this information and an appropriate equation of state we can calculate the real gas absorption capacity and selectivity provided by the absorbents.Furthermore, the gas system also provides a safe and reliable way to perform the fast screening of absorbent materials. A large variety of absorbents can be quickly screened by addition to HS-GC vials that are then filled with gas mixtures at controlled compositions and pressures. Only the most promising absorbents, i.e. the highest selective absorption for one of the gases, are retained for detailed testing in the gas system. These results and tendencies observed will, in turn, allow for the design of optimised materials for biogas upgrading.The works will be based in QUILL (the Queen's University Ionic Liquid Laboratories), which has excellent facilities for fundamental research on ionic liquids and strong links to industry and fosters a culture of interdisciplinary collaboration in an international environment, and appreciation for both high-quality science and collegial spirit.Informal collaborations with partners organisations will allow the exchange of knowledge, ideas and research visits (if allowed by travel restrictions).Informal project partner organisations:Professor Sophie Fourmentin, ULCO, Dunkirk, France"

生物甲烷是通过净化或升级沼气获得的，沼气是二氧化碳（CO2）和甲烷（CH4）的混合物。生物甲烷被认为是一种碳中性能源，它利用废物产生能量，可以注入天然气电网，也可以用作清洁的汽车燃料。目前的升级技术虽然已经建立和成熟，但环境和能源成本相对较高，降低了生物甲烷生产过程的碳中和性。该项目的目的是开发用于净化气流的材料，并应用于沼气升级。通过开发高效、可持续和经济的替代方案，以取代目前使用的高能耗和化学品密集型的多步骤操作，我们希望为减少这些净化操作的温室气体排放做出贡献。研究将集中于利用液体、聚合物和膜等多种吸收剂，综合研究气体净化问题的策略。目的是设计、生产和评估这些新材料，以选择性地擦洗杂质，例如基于离子液体（ILs）、深共晶溶剂（DES）、熔盐（MS）、分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）和超分子材料，如环糊精（CD）。这些材料将作为散装液体吸收剂、支撑或固体吸收剂（应用于化学环的场景）或支撑液体膜进行测试。这将涉及有机和聚合物合成技术的结合，结合NMR和质谱，TGA（热重分析），DSC（差示扫描量热法），GC（气相色谱法），粉末和单晶x射线和中子衍射的表征。新材料的气体净化能力和效率将通过顶空气相色谱法和研究小组设计的多功能气液平衡设备来实现。多功能气体系统允许在实际条件下（压力高达5 bar，宽温度范围和混合气流）测定气体的溶解度和选择性。将气体添加到气体混合室中，并通过顶空气相色谱法（HS-GC通过气相色谱瓶适配器）确定其确切成分。在与液体吸收剂（在平衡室）平衡后，再次采样顶空以确定气体混合物的组成变化。系统的温度和压力由压力变送器密切监测。利用这些信息和适当的状态方程，我们可以计算出吸收剂提供的实际气体吸收能力和选择性。此外，气体系统还提供了一种安全可靠的方法来执行吸收材料的快速筛选。各种吸收剂可以通过添加到HS-GC小瓶中快速筛选，然后在控制成分和压力下充满气体混合物。只有最有希望的吸收剂，即对其中一种气体的最高选择性吸收，才能保留在气体系统中进行详细测试。观察到的这些结果和趋势将反过来允许设计用于沼气升级的优化材料。研究工作将在QUILL（女王大学离子液体实验室）进行，该实验室拥有离子液体基础研究的优良设施，与工业有着紧密的联系，在国际环境中培养跨学科合作的文化，欣赏高质量的科学和学院精神。与伙伴组织的非正式合作将允许知识、思想和研究访问的交流（如果旅行限制允许的话）。非正式项目合作伙伴组织：教授索菲富尔门廷，ULCO，敦刻尔克，法国”