Resilience on the individual and community level in the face of adversity - an ethnographic approach to shed light on current controversies around PTS

关于创伤后应激障碍存在跨文化的争议(例如Gilmoor等人，2019年)。GMH内的许多研究侧重于紊乱和病理(例如Ng等人，2019年)，很少关注人群的复原力。世卫组织最近支持面对逆境的自助和复原力的倡议(例如，Eping-Jordan等人，2016年)似乎很有希望(例如，Tol等人，2020年)。然而，变化很小，而且往往会随着时间的推移而减少。需要更多的背景研究来探索如何利用个人和社区的复原力和应对能力，这反过来又有可能为GMH的新一波心理社会干预提供信息。大多数关于创伤的研究都是在人道主义环境中进行的(例如，Jordan等人，2012年)。然而，LMIC中非人道主义环境中的创伤事件风险很高：由KCL牵头的多国资产项目的初步调查结果表明，创伤事件风险敞口很高(个人沟通，Charlotte Hanlon)。由于结果表明创伤后应激障碍水平相对较低(4.4%)，需要更深入地了解LMICs对创伤的反应(Hanlon&Jordan，2020)。我提议的博士项目将以资产项目的发现为基础。人种学方法论将被用来解释尽管高暴露，低创伤症状。更深入地了解个人和社区的复原力，可望改进产生具有文化意义的结果的心理社会干预措施的设计。

There is a controversy around PTSD across cultures (e.g. Gilmoor et al., 2019). Many studies within GMH have focused on disorder and pathology (e.g. Ng et al., 2019), with little attention given to the resilience of populations. Recent WHO initiatives to support self-help and resilience in the face of adversity (e.g. Epping-Jordan et al., 2016) seem promising (e.g. Tol et al., 2020). However, changes are small and tend to diminish over times. More contextual research is needed to explore how resilience and coping of individuals and communities may be harnessed, which, in turn, has potential to inform the new wave of psychosocial interventions in GMH. Most research on trauma has been conducted in humanitarian settings (e.g. Jordans et al., 2012). However, there is high exposure to traumatic events in non-humanitarian settings in LMICs: preliminary findings of the multi-country KCL-led ASSET project suggest high exposure to traumatic events (personal communication, Charlotte Hanlon). As results have indicated relatively low levels of PTSD (4.4%), a deeper understanding of response to trauma in LMICs is needed (Hanlon & Jordans, 2020). My proposed PhD project will build on the findings of the ASSET project. Ethnographic methodology will be used to explain low trauma symptoms despite high exposure. A more indepth understanding of resilience of individuals and communities is expected to improve the design of psychosocial interventions that produce culturally meaningful outcomes.