Illuminating the Developmental Etiology of Youth Resilience

项目总结/摘要 青年复原力最好被概念化为多维度1 -3和动态的，4-6，这样个人可以 随着时间的推移，表现出学术，社会或精神弹性的变化。尽管有这种广泛的共识， 大多数关于恢复力的实证研究都是跨部门的，往往集中在一个领域， 弹性（例如，精神恢复力）。这明显限制了该领域对 随着时间的推移恢复力，包括最能表征恢复力的轨迹，特定的生物学特征， 这些轨迹背后的机制，以及弹性域是否遵循相似或不同的机制， 发展课程。目前的F31提案将通过检查以下内容来解决文献中的这些空白： 通过使用大量多信息提供者， 双胞胎的多波数据集暴露于显著水平的邻域劣势（例如，贫穷， 社区暴力）。具体目标1将采用增长混合模型，根据个人的 特定领域的复原力模式（即，学术、社会、精神病学）：中 童年、青春期早期和青春期晚期;这类研究中的第一个。具体目标2将确定 通过第一个甲基化组广泛关联研究的弹性轨迹的预测性生物标志物 （MWAS）的韧性发展。为了消除人类表观遗传学研究中突出的遗传混淆，我 还将包括不一致的单卵双生子差异分析。通过阐明 这些发现应该为弱势社区的青年提供政策和干预措施 contexts. 为了促进这些目标的完成，拟议的NRSA奖学金将提供以下方面的培训：1）纵向 统计方法，2）先进的表观遗传分析，3）发展一个综合的概念理论 发展复原力（对于理解科学目标1和2的结果至关重要， 缺乏相关文献），4）赠款和手稿的准备，以及5） research.这五个方面的培训将大大促进我作为一个独立的发展 跨学科的研究人员，并最终促进我的目标，创造一个研究计划的重点是 在发展，遗传和环境知情的背景下研究青年的复原力。

Project Summary/Abstract Youth resilience is best conceptualized as multidimensional1–3 and dynamic,4–6 such that individuals may demonstrate changes in academic, social, or psychiatric resilience over time. Despite this broad consensus, the majority of empirical work on resilience has been cross-sectional and tends to focus on a single domain of resilience (e.g., psychiatric resilience). This has notably limited the field’s understanding of the development of resilience over time, including the trajectories that best characterize resilience, the specific biological mechanisms underlying those trajectories, and whether domains of resilience follow similar or disparate developmental courses. The current F31 proposal will address these gaps in the literature by examining the developmental etiology of youth resilience to neighborhood adversity by using a large multi-informant and multi-wave dataset of twins exposed to substantial levels of neighborhood disadvantage (e.g., poverty, community violence). Specific Aim 1 will employ growth mixture models to group individuals based on their domain-specific patterns of resilience (i.e., academic, social, psychiatric) across three time points: middle childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence; the first study of its kind. Specific Aim 2 will identify longitudinally-predictive biomarkers of resilience trajectories through the first methylome wide association study (MWAS) of resilience development. To eliminate genetic confounds prominent in human epigenetic studies, I will also include discordant monozygotic twin difference analyses. By illuminating the developmental etiology of resilience, these findings should inform policy and intervention efforts for youth in disadvantaged neighborhood contexts. To facilitate the completion of these aims, the proposed NRSA fellowship will provide training in 1) longitudinal statistical methods, 2) advanced epigenetic analytics, 3) the development of an integrated, conceptual theory of the development of resilience (essential for understanding the results for scientific aims 1 and 2 given the dearth of relevant literature), 4) the preparation of grants and manuscripts, and 5) the ethical conduct of research. These five areas of training will significantly further my development as an independent interdisciplinary researcher and ultimately facilitate my goal of creating a program of research focused on the study of youth resilience within a developmentally, genetically, and environmentally informed context.