Kinematic Comparison of Speech and Nonspeech Oral Tasks

言语和非言语口语任务的运动学比较

• 批准号: 6926806
• 负责人: SUSAN SHAIMAN
• 金额: $ 7.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-01 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6926806
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; biomechanics; clinical research; human subject; jaw movement; neuromuscular system; paralinguistic behavior; psychomotor function; speech

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nonspeech oral movements are commonly used in the evaluation and treatment of motor speech disorders. This approach is based on the assumption that the behavior of these structures provides insight into the underlying motor control mechanisms and neurophysiological dysfunction; however, the use of nonspeech movements is a contentious issue. While often criticized, there is little basic neuromotor evidence to either support or refute this assumption. The long-term objectives of this research are to evaluate the hypothesis that speech movements and volitional nonspeech oral movements share underlying motor control mechanisms. Previous tasks selected to examine the relationship between speech and nonspeech oral motor control have exhibited substantive differences in organization and complexity that limit the extent to which a legitimate comparison can be made. This research attempts to more closely equate speech and nonspeech oral gestures to comparable levels of organization and complexity. A motor learning paradigm of nonspeech tasks will be implemented that will consider the goals of movement (e.g., intraoral air pressure, labial displacement), the overlapping nature of sequential gestures, and the degree of learning and automaticity. Articulatory kinematic characteristics of speech and nonspeech gestures will be compared both prior to and subsequent to implementation of the motor learning paradigm. Additionally, generalization of the highly-learned nonspeech tasks to other nonspeech tasks of varying similarity will be evaluated. Once the associations and disparities between speech and nonspeech oral movements have been explored, future research will evaluate whether complex, coordinated nonspeech tasks trained to automaticity will generalize to speech tasks. The transfer of learning from nonspeech behaviors to speech production would implicate a common or related control process for the two motor behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：非言语口腔运动通常用于运动性言语障碍的评估和治疗。这种方法是基于这样的假设，即这些结构的行为提供了深入了解潜在的运动控制机制和神经生理功能障碍;然而，使用非言语运动是一个有争议的问题。虽然经常受到批评，但几乎没有基本的神经运动证据支持或反驳这一假设。本研究的长期目标是评估言语运动和意志性非言语口头运动共享潜在运动控制机制的假设。以前的任务选择检查言语和非言语口头运动控制之间的关系表现出实质性的差异，在组织和复杂性，限制了在何种程度上可以进行合理的比较。这项研究试图更紧密地等同于言语和非言语口头手势的组织和复杂性的可比水平。将实施非言语任务的运动学习范例，该范例将考虑运动的目标（例如，口内气压，唇位移），连续手势的重叠性质，以及学习和自动性的程度。发音运动学的语音和非语音手势的特点将进行比较之前和之后的运动学习范式的实施。此外，将高度学习的非语音任务推广到其他非语音任务的不同相似性进行评估。一旦语音和非语音口头运动之间的关联和差异已经探索，未来的研究将评估是否复杂，协调的非语音任务训练自动化将推广到语音任务。从非言语行为到言语产生的学习转移暗示了这两种运动行为的共同或相关的控制过程。