Microbial Control of Immature Anopheles Mosquitoes

描述(由申请人提供)：这项研究提案的科学目标是证明在水稻中使用环境安全和有效的微生物杀虫剂的幼虫管理可以提供疟疾控制计划的一个组成部分。这项研究旨在开发幼虫管理策略和新的微生物配方，以提供额外的昆虫学工具，结合成人控制、个人保护和临床治疗来减少疟疾。这项建议强调在按蚊进入空中传播之前对其进行攻击，此时蚊子是最集中、最固定和最容易接近的，也就是基本的综合蚊子管理(IMM)。启动幼虫管理计划的最大障碍是非洲疟疾媒介的幼虫生态是疟疾研究中被忽视的领域。因此，在开发和部署环境安全的微生物杀幼虫剂方面也缺乏相关研究，如苏云金芽孢杆菌变种。Isrealensis(Bti)和球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillussphaericus)。为了制定、实施和维持水稻灌溉计划中的蚊子管理计划，我们必须确定特定地点的IMM关键要素；通过幼虫管理来减少成虫羽化的时间、地点和方式。这项研究将提供有关微生物控制影响的有效性数据和在美国和国际地点注册新配方所需的关键环境数据，从而规避行业高昂的成本。为实现这一目标，制定了以下具体目标。1)确定灌溉水稻-村庄复合体中按蚊幼虫栖息地及其媒介生产力的时空分布和丰度，2)确定调节媒介生产力和幼虫生境中非靶标丰度和多样性的关键环境、农业和生态因素，3)开发、评估和登记旨在有效控制按蚊幼虫残留的新的微生物杀幼虫制剂(S)，以及4)实施和评估全区蚊子管理计划对与水稻传播疟疾相关的昆虫学参数的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The scientific goal of this research proposal is to demonstrate that larval management using environmentally safe and efficacious microbial insecticides in rice can provide an integral part of a malaria control program. This investigation is designed to develop larval management strategies and new microbial formulations that can provide additional entomological tools to reduce malaria in conjunction with adult control, personal protection, and clinical treatment. This proposal emphasizes attacking anopheline mosquitoes before they become airborne, when they are the most concentrated, immobile and accessible, or basic Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM). The greatest barrier to initiating a larval management program is that larval ecology of African malaria vectors is a neglected area of malaria research. Thus there has also been an associated lack of research in the development and deployment of environmentally safe microbial larvicides, such as Bacillus thuriengiensis var. isrealensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bsph). In order to develop, implement, and maintain a mosquito management program in rice irrigation schemes, we must determine site-specific IMM critical elements; the when, where, and how to reduce adult emergence by larval management. This study will provide both the efficacy data on the impact of microbial control and critical environmental data necessary for registration of new formulations both in the US and in international locations, thus circumventing prohibitive costs to industry. To accomplish this goal, the following specific aims have been developed. 1) determine the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of Anopheles larval habitats and their vector productivity in irrigated rice-village complexes, 2) determine the key environmental, agricultural, and ecological factors that regulate vector productivity and non-target abundance and diversity in the larval habitats, 3) develop, evaluate and register new microbial-larvicide formulation(s) designed for effective residual control of anopheline larvae, and 4) implement and evaluate the impact of an area-wide mosquito management program on the entomological parameters associated with the transmission of malaria in rice.