Microbial Control of Immature Anopheles Mosquitoes

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究提案的科学目标是证明在水稻中使用环境安全和有效的微生物杀虫剂进行幼虫管理可以提供疟疾控制计划的组成部分。这项研究旨在开发幼虫管理策略和新的微生物制剂，可以提供额外的昆虫学工具，以减少疟疾与成人控制，个人保护和临床治疗。该提案强调在按蚊成为空气传播媒介之前对其进行攻击，此时它们是最集中、最不移动和最容易接近的，或者是基本的综合蚊子管理（IMM）。启动幼虫管理计划的最大障碍是非洲疟疾媒介的幼虫生态学是疟疾研究中被忽视的领域。因此，在环境安全的微生物杀幼虫剂的开发和应用方面也缺乏相关的研究，例如苏云金芽孢杆菌变种。isrealensis（Bti）和球形芽孢杆菌（Bsph）。为了开发，实施和维护水稻灌溉计划中的蚊子管理计划，我们必须确定特定地点的IMM关键要素;何时，何地以及如何通过幼虫管理减少成虫出现。本研究将提供关于微生物控制影响的有效性数据和在美国和国际地点注册新制剂所需的关键环境数据，从而避免对行业造成高昂的成本。为实现这一目标，制定了以下具体目标。1)确定按蚊幼虫栖息地的空间和时间分布和丰度及其在灌溉水稻-村庄复合体中的病媒生产力，2）确定调节幼虫栖息地病媒生产力和非目标丰度和多样性的关键环境、农业和生态因素，3）开发、评估和登记为有效控制按蚊幼虫残留而设计的新的杀微生物-幼虫剂制剂，4）实施和评估一个区域范围的蚊子管理计划对与水稻中疟疾传播相关的昆虫学参数的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The scientific goal of this research proposal is to demonstrate that larval management using environmentally safe and efficacious microbial insecticides in rice can provide an integral part of a malaria control program. This investigation is designed to develop larval management strategies and new microbial formulations that can provide additional entomological tools to reduce malaria in conjunction with adult control, personal protection, and clinical treatment. This proposal emphasizes attacking anopheline mosquitoes before they become airborne, when they are the most concentrated, immobile and accessible, or basic Integrated Mosquito Management (IMM). The greatest barrier to initiating a larval management program is that larval ecology of African malaria vectors is a neglected area of malaria research. Thus there has also been an associated lack of research in the development and deployment of environmentally safe microbial larvicides, such as Bacillus thuriengiensis var. isrealensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bsph). In order to develop, implement, and maintain a mosquito management program in rice irrigation schemes, we must determine site-specific IMM critical elements; the when, where, and how to reduce adult emergence by larval management. This study will provide both the efficacy data on the impact of microbial control and critical environmental data necessary for registration of new formulations both in the US and in international locations, thus circumventing prohibitive costs to industry. To accomplish this goal, the following specific aims have been developed. 1) determine the spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of Anopheles larval habitats and their vector productivity in irrigated rice-village complexes, 2) determine the key environmental, agricultural, and ecological factors that regulate vector productivity and non-target abundance and diversity in the larval habitats, 3) develop, evaluate and register new microbial-larvicide formulation(s) designed for effective residual control of anopheline larvae, and 4) implement and evaluate the impact of an area-wide mosquito management program on the entomological parameters associated with the transmission of malaria in rice.