Suprapontine Control of Micturition

除了所提供的空间之外，尿液的储存和周期性释放由中枢神经系统（CNS）的多个水平控制，包括腰骶脊髓、脑桥吻侧、下丘脑、皮质下核和大脑皮层。各种证据表明，排尿反射的兴奋性副交感神经成分依赖于起源于脑桥头侧（“脑桥排尿中心”- PMC）并将下行纤维发送到骶脊髓的脊髓上通路。本研究计划利用现代神经解剖学、神经药理学和神经生理学技术，对调节排尿反射通路的脑桥和脑桥上结构进行详细的分析，目的是：（1）利用电刺激确定皮质、下丘脑和下丘脑邻近区域内调节膀胱反射的部位。2)目的：观察在电刺激产生阳性结果（抑制或易化）的部位微量注射L-谷氨酸的作用。（L-谷氨酸在此将用作药理学工具，以确定细胞体或通道中的轴突是否被电刺激激活-L-谷氨酸仅在细胞体处有活性。3)详细研究下丘脑和皮质部位对下列活动的调制：a）等长节律性膀胱收缩，B）排尿膀胱测压图（CMG），c）经腹下神经传入膀胱的交感神经输入，d）尿道外括约肌肌电图（EMG），e）刺激盆神经引起的反射诱发活动，f）PMC和盆神经传出水平的单单位和多单位活动。4)用免疫组织化学技术确定可能通过这些脑桥上部位介导调节的神经递质，并在这些研究之后进行神经药理学研究，以确定这些假定的神经递质介导调节作用的激动剂和尤其是拮抗剂的作用。5)目的：确定表达癌基因C-los的脑桥和脑桥上结构（特别是皮质和下丘脑部位）神经元对膀胱传入神经电刺激的定位。本研究获得的信息不仅提供了一个更完整的排尿通路的线路图，而且还可能提示可能的排尿行为的药理学改变。性能现场=

EXCEED THE SPACE PROVIDED, The storage and periodic release of urine is controlledfrom several levels of the central nervous system (CNS) includingthe lumbosacral spinal cord, rostral pons, hypothalamus, subcotical nuclei,and the cerebral cortex. Various evidence indicates that the excitatory parasympathetic component of the mictudtion reflex is dependent upon supraspinal pathway originatingin the rostral pons ("pontinemicturition center" - PMC) and sending descending fibers to the sacral spinal cord. The studies outlined in the present proposal are designed to provide a detail analysis, using modem neuroanatomical, neuropharmacological and neurophysisologicaltechniques, of pontine and suprapontine structures which modulate the micturitionreflex pathway.The aims of this proposed research are: t) To determine, usingelectrical stimulation, sites withinthe cortex, hypothalamus, and areas adjacent to hypothalamus which modulate bladder rreflexes. 2) To examine the effects of L-glutamate microinjected into those sites which give positive results (either inhibitionor facilitation)with electrical stimulation. (L-glutamate witl be used here as pharmacological tool to determine whether cell bodies or axons-in-passage are being activated by the electrical stimulation - L-glutamate being active onlyat cell bodies.) 3) To study in detail the modulation by hypothalamic and cortical sites on: a) isometric rhythmic bladder contractions, b) voiding cystometrogram (CMG), c) sympathetic input to bladder via the hypogastricnerve, d) electromyogram (EMG) of the external urethral sphincter, e) reflex evoked activityto pelvic nerve stimulationand f) single and multiunit activity at the level of the PMC and pelvic nerve efferents. 4) To determine usingimmuno- histochemical techniques the possibleneurotransmitters which mediate modulation by these suprapontine sites, and to followthese studies with neuropharmacological studies to determine the effects of agonistand especially antagonist of these putative neurotransmitters mediating the modulatory effects. 5) To determine the location of neurons in pontine and suprapontine structures (especially cortical and hypothalamic sites) which express the oncogene C-los to electrical stimulationof bladder afferents. The informationgained in this studywill not onlyprovide a much more complete wiring diagram for the micturition pathway but may also suggest possible pharmacological modificationof the act of micturition. PERFORMANCE SITE ========================================Section End===========================================