Improving Maritime Operation Safety by Optimising the Relationship Between Automation Systems and Human Interaction

这一博士研究项目的目的将是制定一种方法，使今天的海员能够接受充分的培训，并能够应对日益增长的航运自主权。此外，让未来的海员具备所需的形势意识，以确保他们不会严重依赖自主系统的操作参数。目标该项目的主要目标是：*调查和设计解决方案，以应对海员培训的变化，并修改船上自主系统的操作程序。为达到预期目标，次要目标清单如下：*识别和确定需要改进的领域，并为各个自主系统设计、建造和测试可能的解决方案。*评估和分析目前安装在船只上的自动航运系统，旨在找出海员对系统的故障和依赖*通过使用文献综述分析当前远洋船舶上发现的自主系统*通过使用文献综述了解与当前船上自动化系统相关的复杂性和问题*分析多个用户界面和系统设计*通过模拟或物理系统创建来承担解决方案的测试阶段*采访和测试愿意使用自主系统的海员以评估他们在使用自主系统时的行为研究问题随着所有研究和技术进步指向将自主系统引入航运业，这将引发以下问题：*自主航运系统的引入将对目前的海员产生什么影响，以及海员将如何适应自己，以造福于航运业？*此外，由于未来海员对机器的依赖，引入自主航运系统将如何影响和潜在地削弱他们对形势的感知？项目摘要对于测试对象和他们对机器的信任，我计划进行测试。测试将在不同的测试条件下进行，实验的目的将是激发测试对象相信机器自己的判断。初步测试将分为4个不同的条件，其中将改变以下变量，以分析测试对象对不同天气和海况的反应：*能见度*海况*降雨量*风速*模拟中的其他船舶所有测试将在整个模拟一天的不同时间段进行。这将以评估测试对象对机械故障的反应的方式进行，并分析不同的天气和日光时间是否以任何方式影响测试对象。根据设定的情景，每个条件将以在不同时间段发生的一个或多个故障为特征，这些故障可能具有或可能没有同步的警报声音来警告测试对象，并且具有不同的机器故障。通过使用一个或多个故障，然后可以分析测试对象的响应时间以及他们对机器的个体依赖和信任。为了分散测试对象的注意力，将分发一份问卷，该问卷将花费大部分实验时间来完成，从而复制类似的驾驶台值班工作，该工作将在值班时完成。

The aim of this doctoral research project will be to produce a method which will allow the seafarers of today to be sufficiently trained and able to cope with the increasing levels of autonomy in shipping. In addition, to equip the seafarers of tomorrow with the situational awareness required to ensure that they do not become heavily reliant on the operating parameters of autonomous systems.ObjectivesFor the project the primary objective is to:* Investigate and design a solution for changes in seafarer training and revising the operational procedures of the autonomous systems onboard.To achieve the desired goal, the list of secondary objectives are as follows:* Recognise and establish areas for improvement, and design, build and test potential solutions for respective autonomous systems.* assess and analyse current autonomous shipping systems currently installed on vessels, with the intention to find faults and dependencies seafarers may have with the system* Analyse autonomous systems found onboard current sea going vessels* By use of literature review, understand complexities and issues associated with current on-board automated systems* Analyse multiple user interfaces and system design* Undertake testing phase of the solution by either, simulation or physical system creation* Interviewing and testing willing seafarers to assess their actions when using autonomous systemsResearch QuestionWith all research and technological advancements pointing towards autonomous systems being introduced to the maritime industry, this then will pose the questions of:* What impact will the introduction of autonomous shipping systems have on current seafarers and how will seafarers be able to adapt themselves to benefit the maritime industry?* Additionally, how will the introduction of autonomous shipping systems influence and potentially desensitise the situational awareness of future seafarers, due to their reliance on machines?Project SummaryFor the testing I plan on examining the test subject and their trust in machinery. The test will be conducted under a variety of test conditions and the aim of the experiment will be to provoke the test subject to trusting the machine over their own judgementThe preliminary test will be separated into 4 different conditions where the following variables will be altered to analyse the test subjects response to varying weather and sea conditions:* Visibility* Sea State* Rainfall* Wind Speed* Other Ships in SimulationAll of the tests will be carried out at varying time periods throughout the simulated day. This will be conducted in a manner to assess the test subjects response to the machinery fault and to analyse if different weather and daylight hours affect the test subject in anyway.With the scenarios set, each of the conditions will feature one or multiple failures that will occur at varying time periods, which may or may not have a synchronised alarm sound to alert the test subject and be of different machine faults. By using one or a multitude of failures, it will then be possible to analyse the test subjects response times and their individual reliance and trust in the machine.To distract the test subject a questionnaire will be distributed, this questionnaire will take the majority of the experiment time to complete and thus replicate similar bridge watchkeeping work which is to be completed on watch.