Intra- & interspecies variation in oligosaccharide by MS

超过空格_ROVIDED。寡糖参与了许多细胞过程，包括识别、生长和黏附。它对人类健康的重要性包括生殖、感染和癌症等多个领域。结构的多样性和异质性是寡糖具有令人难以置信的多功能性的原因，但这些特点使分析变得困难。尽管如此，最近在质谱学的帮助下，在确定结构方面取得了重大进展。然而，结构阐明仍然只是理解结构-功能关系的一个步骤。低聚糖多样性的测定是下一个重要的步骤，但这是一个艰巨的挑战。它需要结构阐明、快速鉴定和表达水平的量化相结合。在这项研究中，将测定非洲爪哇卵细胞外基质中低聚糖的多样性。非洲爪哇的卵是脊椎动物繁殖的重要模式。细胞外基质参与许多功能，包括保护和精子获能。它由受精层、卵黄膜和三层蛋冻组成。这四层都是由糖蛋白组成的。这种蛋冻是高度糖基化的，含有60%的多糖重量。这些层的生物学功能在很大程度上是已知的，但寡糖的具体作用相对未知。将开发表征低聚糖多样性的方法，为糖组分提供分析工具。这些方法将主要使用质谱学，并将用于快速阐明未知中性和阴离子组分的结构，识别已知组分，并对其丰度进行定量。将确定低聚糖在个体之间和个体鸡蛋之间的多样性。在这一过程中，将开发对单个鸡蛋进行寡糖分析的方法。期望个体之间的巨大差异符合外生压力作为多样性驱动力的理论。然而，单个鸡蛋之间的低聚糖差异将很小。作为该项目的一部分，卵黄膜或受精层将被分析其低聚糖含量。卵黄膜类似于哺乳动物的透明带。这项研究将为单个哺乳动物卵子的分析奠定基础。表演网站========================================Section End===========================================

EXCEED THE SPACE _ROVIDED. Oligosaccharides are involved in a host of cellular processes including recognition, growth, and adhesion. Its importance to human health encompasses areas as diverse as reproduction, infection, and cancer. Structural diversity and heterogeneity is responsible for the incredible versatility of oligosaccharides, but these characteristics make it difficult to do analysis. Nonetheless, significant progress in determining structures has been made aided recently by mass spectrometry. Structural elucidation, however, is still only one step in understanding structure-function relationship. The determination of oligosaccharide diversity is the next important step, but it represents a formidable challenge. It requires the combination of structural elucidation, rapid identification and the quantitation of expression levels. In this research the diversity of oligosaccharides in the extracellular matrix of the egg of Xenopus laevis will be determined. The egg of Xenopus laevis is an important model for vertebrate reproduction. The extracellular matrix is involved in a number of functions including protection and sperm capacitation. It consists of the fertilization layer, the vitelline envelope, and three layers of egg jelly. All four layers are composed of glycoproteins. The egg jelly is highly glycosylated with 60% glycans by weight. The biological functions of the layers are largely known but the specific roles of the oligosaccharides are relatively unknown. Methods for characterizing oligosaccharide diversity will be developed to provide analytical tools for glycomics. These methods will employ primarily mass spectrometry and will be used to rapidly elucidate structures of unknown neutral and anionic components, identify known components, and quantitate their abundances. The diversity of oligosaccharides between individuals and between individual eggs will be determined. In the process, methods for the oligosaccharide analysis of single eggs will be developed. Large diversity is expected between individuals to conform to the theory of exogenous pressures as the driving force for diversity. However, oligosaccharide diversity between individual eggs will be small. As part of this project, the vitelline envelope, or the fertilization layer, will be analyzed for its oligosaccharide content. The vitelline envelope is analogous to the zona pellucida in mammals. This research will lay the foundation for the analysis of single mammalian eggs. PERFORMANCE SITE ========================================Section End===========================================