CNH-Ex: Quantifying Linkages Among Land-Use Policies, Agricultural Intensification, Habitat Fragmentation, and Social-Ecological Resilience in a Tropical Biological Corridor

CNH-Ex：量化热带生物走廊土地利用政策、农业集约化、栖息地破碎化和社会生态恢复力之间的联系

• 批准号: 1313824
• 负责人: Lisette Waits
• 金额: $ 24.87万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Idaho
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1313824&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Ex; Quantifying; Linkages; Among

This project is about understanding the interactions between land-use policies, agricultural rural development and land use change in tropical landscapes, and how these changes affect the resilience of and relationships between human populations and the natural ecosystems present in these landscapes. Millions of hectares of tropical forests have been converted to agriculture leaving behind patches of remnant natural forest embedded in an agricultural matrix. Historically, this agricultural matrix was dominated by subsistence crops and pasture, but in some areas this land is rapidly being replaced with intensive plantation agriculture for soybean, banana, and pineapple production. In contrast with more traditional land uses, these crops require higher inputs of labor, money, agrochemicals, and infrastructure. The impacts of this new land conversion trend are not well understood, but preliminary studies suggest that intensive plantation agriculture may drive dramatic demographic and economic changes in local communities and have profound effects on ecological systems. Ultimately, these impacts will change the ability of these human and ecological communities to maintain resilience to future change. Thus, a better understanding is needed of the relationships among land-use policies, ecosystem structure and function, and the decisions and actions of local communities and land managers that ultimately determine where and how fast intensive plantation agriculture will spread. This project will evaluate these relationships in the model system of the San Juan-La Selva Biological Corridor in Costa Rica. Specifically, this research will address a variety of research questions, such as: What national policies led to the establishment and spread of intensive non-traditional plantation crops? For three focal regions, what is the status of the social and ecological indicators of resilience? How will current and alternative policy scenarios affect future land use patterns, and how will these affect ecological resilience? How does future scenario modeling of projected land use changes influence the perceptions of community members and land managers about their future social and ecological resilience? This effort incorporates stakeholder input at every step of the research; implements two new ecological approaches, functional traits analysis and landscape genetics; and explicitly measures both social and ecological resilience in the same system and at multiple spatial and temporal scales.Findings from this research will advance understanding of how human communities and ecosystems respond to agricultural intensification, and will therefore help scientists and managers better understand how to manage for resilience in the face of global change. At the local scale, findings will be shared through stakeholder workshops with community leaders and regional land managers; these workshops will provide participants with information to make informed land use decisions, and develop community capacity to adapt to change. At the global scale, findings from this research will be disseminated through presentations at the participating universities, at professional conferences, and through publication of peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals. In addition, this project will contribute to the interdisciplinary research training of multiple undergraduates and five Ph.D. students, all from under-represented groups. This project is supported by the NSF Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems (CNH) Program.

该项目旨在了解热带景观中土地利用政策、农业农村发展和土地利用变化之间的相互作用，以及这些变化如何影响这些景观中人口与自然生态系统的恢复力和关系。数百万公顷的热带森林已被转为农业用地，在农业基质中留下了片片残存的天然林。从历史上看，这种农业基质以自给作物和牧场为主，但在一些地区，这片土地正迅速被种植大豆、香蕉和菠萝的集约化农业所取代。与更传统的土地用途相比，这些作物需要更多的劳动力、资金、农用化学品和基础设施投入。这种新的土地转换趋势的影响尚不清楚，但初步研究表明，集约化种植农业可能会推动当地社区的人口和经济发生巨大变化，并对生态系统产生深远影响。最终，这些影响将改变这些人类和生态群落保持对未来变化的适应能力。因此，需要更好地了解土地使用政策、生态系统结构和功能以及当地社区和土地管理者的决策和行动之间的关系，这些关系最终决定了集约化种植农业将在何处和以多快的速度传播。该项目将在哥斯达黎加圣胡安-拉塞尔瓦生物走廊的模型系统中评估这些关系。具体而言，本研究将解决各种研究问题，例如：哪些国家政策导致了集约化非传统种植作物的建立和传播？对于三个重点区域，恢复力的社会和生态指标的状况如何？当前和可替代的政策情景将如何影响未来的土地利用模式？这些将如何影响生态恢复力？预测土地利用变化的未来情景建模如何影响社区成员和土地管理者对其未来社会和生态恢复力的看法？这项工作在研究的每一步都纳入了利益相关者的意见；实现了功能性状分析和景观遗传学两种新的生态学方法；并明确地测量了同一系统在多个时空尺度上的社会和生态弹性。这项研究的结果将促进对人类社区和生态系统如何对农业集约化作出反应的理解，从而帮助科学家和管理者更好地了解如何在面对全球变化时管理复原力。在地方层面，将通过与社区领导人和区域土地管理者的利益相关者研讨会分享研究结果；这些讲习班将为与会者提供信息，以便作出明智的土地使用决定，并发展社区适应变化的能力。在全球范围内，这项研究的结果将通过在参与的大学、专业会议上的演讲和在科学期刊上发表同行评议的论文来传播。此外，该项目将有助于多名本科生和五名博士生的跨学科研究培训，所有这些都来自代表性不足的群体。本项目由美国国家科学基金会自然与人类系统耦合动力学（CNH）项目资助。