The Relationship between informal caregiving, wellbeing and health behaviour over the lifecourse.

在英国，估计约有700万人是非正式护理人员，约占1190亿英镑的经济贡献。一些研究表明，肥胖与更高的疾病负担之间存在关联。然而，证据往往是基于小的，横截面的研究，忽视了在早期的成年生活中，或没有考虑到奖励方面的成长。为了解决这些知识差距，拟议的研究旨在调查在整个生命过程中照顾者的非正式照顾，福祉和健康行为之间的关系。目标包括：1.估计非正式照料对年轻照料者（10-15岁）、年轻成年照料者（16-29岁）、成年照料者（30-50岁）和老年照料者（50岁以上）的福祉和健康行为轨迹的影响。确定其他保护性和有害性的特征，这些特征可能解释健康差异的幸福和健康行为。评估2020/21年COVID-19疫情对照顾者与非照顾者在不同生命阶段的福祉及健康行为轨迹的期间影响。将努力-回报-不平衡模型应用于幸福体验，并检验努力-回报-不平衡是否会改变幸福感、幸福感和结果之间的关系。5.通过估计进入和退出护理对福祉和健康行为轨迹的影响，检查护理和结果指标之间的因果关系。为了实现这一目标，将使用英国家庭纵向研究和英国纵向研究的现有数据进行二次数据分析老龄化及其相应的COVID-19子研究。这些数据集包含关于照顾强度、照顾者与接受者之间的关系以及其他特征的信息。数据将使用先进的定量技术进行分析，如增长曲线模型，逐段增长曲线模型生命过程的方法直接链接到愿望的途径，并会导致大量的知识增益，因为调查的影响，生活经验对健康行为是原始的。同样，努力-回报-不平衡在奖励方面的应用是新颖的，对奖励方面的关注将使人们能够从不同的角度研究奖励。

In the UK, around 7 million people are estimated to be Informal caregivers which accounts for around £119 billion in economic contributions. Some investigations have suggested an association between caregiving and a higher disease burden. However, evidence is often based on small, cross-sectional studies that neglected caregiving in the earlier adult life or failed to consider the rewarding aspects of caregiving. To address these knowledge gaps, the proposed research aims to investigate the relationship between informal caregiving, well-being and health behaviours of caregivers over the lifecourse. Objectives include:1. Estimating the effect of informal caregiving on the trajectories of well-being and health behaviours in young carers (10-15 years old), young adult carers (16-29 yo), adult carers (30-50 yo) and older adult carers (50+).2. Identifying other protective and harmful characteristics of the caregiving experience on well-being and health behaviour that might explain health differences.3. Assessing the period effect of the 2020/21 COVID-19 pandemic on the trajectories of wellbeing and health behaviour of caregivers compared to non-caregivers across life stage.4. Applying the effort-reward-imbalance model to the caregiving experience and testing whether effort-reward-imbalance modifies the relationship between caregiving, well-being and outcomes. 5. Examining causal inference between caregiving and outcome measures by estimating the effect of transitions into and out of caregiving on trajectories in wellbeing and health behaviours.To achieve this, a secondary data analysis will be performed using existing data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing as well as their corresponding COVID-19 substudies. These data sets contain information on caregiving intensity, relationship between caregiver and recipient and other characteristics. Data will be analysed using advanced quantitative techniques, such as Growth curve models, piece-wise growth-curve modelThe lifecourse approach links directly to the desires pathway and will result in a substantial knowledge gain because investigating the effect of the caregiving experience on health behaviour is original. Likewise, the application of the effort-reward-imbalance on caregiving is novel and the focus on the rewarding aspects of caregiving will enable to investigate caregiving from a different perspective.Relevance for policy and research.